events of 1789 Flashcards
(17 cards)
causes of the great fear
economic and political
rumors of hired thieves
(brigands) stealing grain from countryside farms
conspiracy’s of a counter revolution by the king and nobility louis mobilizing troops in paris
rumors appeared spriadically sometimes in neighboring villages but sometimes in villages 20 miles apart in the same day
some historians believe there was lsd in the soil as people claimed to have had strange sightings and people became paranoid
earlier farming crisis made people more hostile over grain
also broke promises and unmet hope by the third estate
the events of spring-cahiers and estates general led to hope and a more politically stimulated society
news of national assembly and tennis court oath also reached them causing excitement and hope for change but it ended up being short lived
events of the great fear
varing degrees of leadership and organization
some ppl would meet in village square
lead by a leader and choose specific things to target
example targeting of of feudal specific symbolsthe chateaux of aristocratic landowners and seigneurs were besieged, invaded or set alight in protest to seigneurial feudalism.
written records were looked for an destroyed
in an attempt to destroy the system
and make it unworkable
less than 20 ppl killed across the two month period
millions of livers of fudal property destroyed
outcomes of the great fear
peasantry showed their strength agansit the monarchy
was a distructive force against an already weak fudal system and may have helped weaken it further
was a clear message and sign of hated to the feudal system
great fear significance
showed revolution was spreading out of the country side not from dan culttes anymore
saw the fudal stystem being further eradicated
some liberal nobels are renouncing and some were held hostage
it was a clear message to how much they hated the feudal system
gave the third rate a voice and they nca are almost forced to listen as they are shown how quickly they can rally
the sheer strength and ability to gather as the third estate and also effective
August decrease
result of great fear
4th aug 1789
national assembly resolved to abolish seigneurialism (feudalism and serfdom-a serf gave there unpaid labor to a land owner in return for accommodation)
this was in hopes it would make the great fear end
although they only planned to put a partial halt to fudal dues
a patriotic delirium led to a mass nobel renusation of fudai rights
most nobel privileges were voluntarily given up
as a relit 19 decrees were passed over a single week changing france into a society based on individual achievement
the new system was unstable and a new system was a needed
many presents wanted to take advantage and make comeplete equality
upset most unfair parts of fudalism had not been abolished such as champart
this led to he continuation
significance
revolution in action
made peasants feel able and want more
revolutionary ideas spread to other estes
the October days summary
thousands of people mostly women embarked mon a 12 mile march to versailles this was because some were desperately hunger and hoped to petition the king to salivate bread shortages
while othered were seeking retribution against the kings soildgers or his wife
others wanted to plead the king to leave and return to paris where he could see and be away from what they believed was the corrupting influence of aristocracy
after 24 hours of tension intimidation and violence the king and the assembly agreed to leave versailles and accompany the mob back to paris
brought a century of royal gov at versailles to an end
not for the first or the last threats of violence produced political change
a symbol of absolutism
seat of french gov since 1600s
built by louis 14th as a reflection of his long absolutist strong reign
symbol of absolutism
2,135 rooms
67 staircases
67,000 square meters
most artwork reinforced aboslutism
scenes from greek and roman mythology
constantly maintained by 2,000 staff
the power of rummor
On October 1st 1789, soldiers of the Royal Flanders Regiment arrived at Versailles from Douai after being summoned to strengthen the king’s royal bodyguard. The royal court provided the regiment with a welcome banquet which, according to eyewitness accounts, became progressively rowdier as the soldiers consumed more wine. Late in the evening, drunk soldiers were reportedly seen standing on tables, shouting and singing bawdy songs.
All this was probably harmless enough but the popular press in Paris seized on it nevertheless. According to Jean-Paul Marat’s L’Ami du Peuple, drunken soldiers had insulted the revolution by throwing tricolour cockades onto the floor, then stomping and urinating on them. Some officers, Marat claimed, had also donned black and white cockades of the Ancien Régime.
louis himself attended this banquet it was berif but rummors he had stayed for hours
many ppl questioned this while everytime was starving
october 4th
The harvest had been gathered in September so supplies should have improved - but this had not eventuated in the capital. The government of Jacques Necker, anticipating a shortage of food, had negotiated imports of grain - but these had not arrived yet. Bread queues outside of bakeries stretched for entire city blocks. Many Parisians queued for hours, only to go home empty-handed.
The shortages of bread in early October were unexpected and gave rise to conspiracy theories. Some suggested that the king and his ministers, having lost power to the National Constituent Assembly, had orchestrated the food shortage to starve the people into submission.
Parisians mobiles
by the 5th oct the situation has become dire a group of 5,000 gathered outside the hotel de vile and demanded the city release its bread supplies
many were women from fabourg saint antonie
many were ppl from the bastile
when the commune did not respond the crowed decied to march on versailles and take grievances to king armed with spikes clubs and some small cannons stolen from hotel de ville they left and noon and marched 12 miles out of paris
when the crowed arrived some invaded the hall of the nca though only to escape heavy rainfall outside
many assmebly deupties including robespierre monger and listened
a delegation meets the king
meanwhile the assembly president
mounier aggagee for six women to be admitted to the place
the king heard there carss and promised to take care of the food shortages
this failed to calm the mob louis orders food stories to be opened to the crowd
at this time lafayette and the national guard had arrived
however the king did not reply his own soilgers
instead louis delivered a message to the crowd promising he would endorse assembly’s legislation the night passed with little gunfire or violence
some of the crowd refuse to accept the kings assurances claiming that whatever he promised would later be reversed by Marie antoinette dawn of oct6 this group gained access to the side of the place as it was unguarded they stormed through the place halls intent of finding and murdering the queen when one of the women was spotted fired on abs killed the mob overpowered and killed gow soikgers
antoinette avoided the women by feeling brough the place maze of bedrooms
additional soikgered were deployed to clear the place of invaders
upon lafyetts advice louis addressed them from the balcony he addressed them as friends abs said he would go to paris with them with his wife this brought cheers he also wore the frivolous of revolution
the royals leave for paris
carriages accompanied by 30,000 members of the crowd
the mood was joyous and optimistic
they were installed in the tuilleres the royal court was austere
vasaills was maintained an akwnowlegmnet that the king might some day return the nca relocated to the tuilleres as well
the king is now a virtual prisoner
storming of the bastile 1789
14th july
bread prices returned to 3/4 of a daily parisians wage was on bread
during this time louis made two key mistakes
4 july troops were positioned in critical positions witch looked like a martial law to regain power
11 july necker dissmissed
as cntroler general and replaced by fillon witch triggers insurection in paris as necer was meant to be for the people a day later the crowed of seeral thousand gathred ouside the paris royal and then marched on the tuillerise demanding his resentaement the majory of the crowed were san coulot
the bastile its slef was under the command of de launay and consisted of 8 individuals that were no longer suitable for military serice two days before the storming it was reinforced by 30 swiss grenadiers unlike the govenor of the hotel des invalids de launey would not gie into the reolutionary demands to hand over arms and gunpowder held in the prioson fortress
he promised to only fire if attcked however disgussions drew out
a part of the inpacent crowed started to enter the outer court yard of the fortress after a group broke the chains securing the drawbridge after warning the garasson oped fire the fight lasted 4 hours and reulted in 100 casulaties among te expoed crowd but only one death and 3 of the well protected defnders with no watter and scare food suples de launey decided to surrender on the one condition no one inside would be hurt
in a note he passed out througgh za gap in the drawbidge he threted to bow up frtess and surronding districts if conions rejected
tehy rejected his condiiosn but the people inside were prevented from reaching gunpowder (him)
at 5pm firing fro the fortress came to a halt and the draw bridge was lowered de launey was seized and his sawrdd and batton of rank was toen from him
he was supposed to be taken from the hotel de ville by hulin one of the leaders of the insurection
but the furios crowd assulted him and eventually killed him by stablling and shootig him once the killing was said to hae taken place near the hotel de ille as the despete de launey cried out for them to let him die
and he keed a unemplyed cook in the grion after the killing his head was sawn off and placed on a pile this was done by butcher joue jourdan
the officers of the bastileand two of their soligers were aso killed but the ajority of the defnders were escorted through the mob by frenhc gaurds
the declaration of the rights of man
july 1789 the nca stared to discuss how they were going to ensure the rights and individual libertys of the ppl in france
it contained a preamble abs 17. articles that provided that provided protection of the 4 individual rights
was passed on 26 aug
the main sponsor was layfett who had taken part in the american war of indipendence
the document itself was largely inspired by the decleration of indipendence both based on ideas of the englishtenment
3 days before the bastile he gave a speech to the assembly talking about the need for something like this
the king originally refused to support this until he did on oct 5 to calm those gathered at versailles
the rights were not clear who they were acc implied too and dosent extend to women or slaves in the colonies
key individuals in drm
gilbert du motier
main sponsee
lafayettt
sponser. provided his own draft
thomas jefferson
an american philosopher who worked with lafayette to prove the first draft
the rights
men are born and remain free and equal in rights social distinctions may be founded only upon the generational goof
the aim of all political assications is the preservationvv
of the natural and impresctiptavlr rights of man these r liberty security property abs resistance to optession
the principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation no body nor individual may excuse any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation
liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures bo one else hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
6.Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in its foundation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
- No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, executing, or causing to be executed, any arbitrary order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay, as resistance constitutes an offence.
- The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offence.
9.As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoner’s person shall be severely repressed by law.
10.No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
- The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
- The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are, therefore, established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be entrusted.
13.A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
14.All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
15.Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
16.A society in which the observance of the law is not assured, nor the separation of powers defined, has no constitution at all.
17.Since property is an inviolable and sacred right, no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity, legally determined, shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
