every reaction

Question 1

amino acid + acid

Answer 1

ammonium salt

Question 2

amino acid + alkali

Answer 2

salt + water

Question 3

amino acid + alcohol

Answer 3

ester + water

Question 4

dehydration of an alcohol

Answer 4

alcohol + acid catalyst(H2SO4) + HEAT ——–> alkene +water

Question 5

substitution reaction of alcohols and conditions needed

Answer 5

alcohol + hydrogen halide —–> halogen + H2O

NaBr + H2SO4 —–> HBr + NaHSO4 made in situ as HBr is very toxic

Question 6

hydrolysis of a haloalkane
(nucleophilic substitution

Answer 6

haloalkane + NaOH(aq) ——> alcohol + sodium halide

Question 7

what is an ether group

Answer 7

C-O-C
looks a bit like a ester

Question 8

equation for amidification of acyl chloride

Answer 8

acyl chloride + 2 amine—-> amide + ammonium salt

Question 9

equation for acylation of benzene

Answer 9

benzene + acyl chloride (with AlCl3) —-> ketone benzene + Hal

Question 10

equation for acidification of Amine with a carboxylic acid-formation of amide

Answer 10

amine + carboxylic acid—–> amide + water

Question 11

equation for nucleophilic addition of a carbonyl

Answer 11

carbonyl + HCN——> hydroxynitrile
needs NaCN/H2SO4 as HCN made in situ

Question 12

formation of an acid anhydride

Answer 12

2 carboxylic acid—-> acid anhydride + water

Question 13

equation for acylation of benzene

Answer 13

benzene + haloalkane —–> acylated benzene + Hx
uses halogen carrier-AlCl3

Question 14

formation of a nitrile

Answer 14

haloalkane + KCN——> nitrile + Kx
k could be any group 1 metal
done in ethanol

Question 15

what does an amine + acyl chloride make

Answer 15

secondary amide + ammonium salt( ammonium chloride)