everything

Question 1

draw and label a mitochondria and chloroplast cell

Answer 1

mitochondria- critae, inner membrane, outermembrane, intermembrane space, matrix

chloroplast- grunum, thylakoids, stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane, lumen

Question 2

state the net equation for photsynthesis

Answer 2

carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen

6C02 +6H20 >C6H1206 + 602

Question 3

draw a diagram of the light independent an dependent process of phtotsynthesis

Question 4

whats the function of NADP+

Answer 4

the co-enzyme picks up hydrogen ions and carries them to the next reaction as NADPH

Question 5

OUTLINE 3 FACTORS THAT EFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Answer 5

LIGHT- INTESNITY OF LIGHT ^ RATE OF PHOTO SYNTHESIS^
CONCENTRATION OF CO- ^ VOLUME OF CO2 ^ RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

these both eventually plateau

TEMPERATURE- ^ TEMP ^RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
till the proteins denature

Question 6

describe one methis that could be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis. list the variables

Answer 6

aim- how the concentration of CO2 effects the rate of photosynthesis
independent- concentration of CO2 IN EACH bicarbionate solution
dependent how quickly the chad rises
controllled- amount of light, the temp, the volume of the solution

leaf chad experiment

Question 7

draw the 3 step process of aerobic respiration

Question 8

state the ractants an products of glycolysis

Answer 8

1 glucose > 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP MOLECULES

Question 9

WASTE PRODUCTS FROM ANAROBIC RESPIRATION IN ANIMALSA ND PLANTS

Answer 9

ANIMAL- lactic acid
PLANT- ethanole, CO2 and water

Question 10

whats the role of hydrogen transporters in aerobic respiration

Answer 10

to transport hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain where the the ions flow through atp synthase enzymes to produce 32 molecules of ATP

Question 11

THINGS THAT EFFECT THE RATE OF RESPIRATION

Answer 11

• CONCENTRTION OF OXYGEN
• CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE
• TEMPERATURE

Question 12

HOW DOES A RESPIROMETER WORK

Answer 12

it measures the amount of oxygen being consumes by the organism, and any CO2 produced is absorbed by the apparatus so any change in gas volume is due to the remolval of oxygen through aerobic respiration

Question 13

design a experiment to measure how the availability of glucose effects the rate of resiration

Answer 13

yeast and water in a bottle and add differen amounts of water into each bottle and measure how large the balloon gets that is an approximate amount of the CO2 released

Question 14

what are organisms levels of organisation

Answer 14

cells, tissues, organ, organ system, organism

Question 15

whats the level of organisation more simple than cells

Answer 15

organells which are a small a part o a cell that has a specific funtion

Question 16

list 3 examples of body systems

Answer 16

resiratory system, digestive system and circulatroy system

Question 17

2 exmples of tissues

Answer 17

epithelial tissue (digestive), muscle tissue

Question 18

whats the defintion of a tissue

Answer 18

a group of similar cells that work together to do the same job

Question 19

evolutionary process between unicellular organiss loining to become one multicelluar organism

Answer 19

multicelluarity developed as a result of co-operations between cellls, they worked together ti become more efficient

Question 20

ist the advantages and disadvantages of multicellularity

Answer 20

+
- specialisced meaninf they can do one particular thing very well
- cells share nutrients
- allows organism to grow larger and live longer

• requires more energy
• takes longer to reproduce
• cells rarely work alone
• several different cells have to come together to make an organ

Question 21

what are the features requires for gas exchange

Answer 21

moist - allows gases to dissolve as they diffuse through the membrane
thin+ highly permeable membrane- allows quick and easy passage
large SA:VOL- allows fro efficient diffucion into the cells
different concentration outside of cell- maintains concentration gradient

Question 22

differences between respiratory system of mammals and insects

Answer 22

mammals occour in internal environment because exchange surfaces are highly specialised and could be easily damaged or dehydrated if notinsects have spirakles ehich go straight to exchange at the tissues through networks of trachea and tracheoles then to the muscle tissue. mammals have agreater separation of exhange surfaces too, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Question 23

what types of gaseous exchange does a fish have and what is the function of them.

Answer 23

through their gills, the water flows over the lamella which is a comb like structure (large sa) filled with capillaries for gaseous exchange to occur.

Question 24

what are the 4 key systems of gas exchange

Answer 24

lungs, gills, spiracles, skin

Question 25

if a frog gets a fungal infection which causes rashes and harneing of skin why is it fatal?

Answer 25

amphipians are more effected as theyre skin breathers, if the infection causes hardness and rashes on the skin its effecting the semi permeable skin as well as the ability for them to regulate their water levels

Question 26

different types of feeders and examples of each

Answer 26

suspension feeders- sifts small particles out of passing water (whale shark) substrate- live in or on their food source(catepillars fluid- suck fluids out from a host (mosquito) bulk- ingest large pieces of food (humans or most animals)

Question 27

whats mechanical digestion

Answer 27

the food being physically broken down by either the mouth or churring in the stomach

Question 28

whats chemical digestion

Answer 28

ensymes breaking chemical bonds to reduce the substances into their simplest form. carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides via amylase lipids are broken down into glycerides by lipase

Question 29

why is digestion important when considering absorption

Answer 29

becasue digestion involves the breaking down of large substance into smaller substances to that it can be eaily absorbed by diffusion or active transport.

Question 30

whats the alimentary and gastrovascular canal

Answer 30

alimentary canal- one opening and one exit gastrovascular- single cavity where ingestion and egestion occur

Question 31

what length digestive system does a carnivor have

Answer 31

carnivores have a very simple digestive system containing one stomach chamber and a short digestive tract

Question 32

what are the different feeding behaviors of a carnivor and a herbivore

Answer 32

carnivores do not need to eat as frequently or for as long herbicores requiew more fequent feedinf ans excessive cheing to allow digestion

Question 33

what as ruminat herbivore

Answer 33

hoofed or grasinf mammals that aquire plant based food by fermenting it in stomach prior digestion these herbivores have a 4 chambered stomach

Question 34

whats hindcut fermentation

Answer 34

seen in animals with a single chambered stomach and fermentation occurs later on in the cecum and colon they then poop this out and eat their waste to digest this the second time around and to absorb max nutrition