Everything Flashcards
What is erosion?
the destruction of land
What is differential erosion?
when soft rock erodes faster then hard rock
Characteristics of a river in the mature stage?
~Relief is gently sloping
~Energy is reduced
~Rate of erosion is reduced
~Deposition starts taking place
Characteristics of a river in the youthful stage? xxxxx
~Steep relief
~High energy
~Erosion
Characteristics of a river in the old stage? xxxx
~Relief is flat
~Energy of a river is reduced again
~Minimal erosion
~River deposits its material before entering the sea
3 types of rainfall?
Relief
Frontal
Continental
What is a push factor?
A factor that pushes people away from migrating to a country
(forces a person to move)
What is a pull factor?
A factor that encourages people to migrate to a country
What is a barrier to migration?
Something that prevents someone from moving to a country
Name the 3 types of rocks and examples for each
Igneous: Basalt, granite
Metamorphic: quartzite, marble
Sedimentary: sandstone, limestone
Ireland’s climate:
1. what is it
2. Precipitation in east and west
3. Latitude
- Cool-temperate oceanic climate
- East- 700mm per year , West- 2,300mm per year
- 53 degrees north of the equator
Name the 4 plate boundary types and features found at each
~Divergent: volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, e.g. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
~Convergent: mountains and volcanos
e.g. Pacific Ring of Fire
~Transform: earthquakes and tsunamis
e.g. Sand Andreas Fault
~Collision: Mountains and earthquakes
e.g Mt. Everest ( Himalayas )
Features of an earthquake
~Focus: where the earthquake begins beneath the surface
~Epicentre: Point at the earths surface that is directly above the focus
~Fault: large crack in the earth’s surface
~Shock waves: spread out in circles from the focus
Ways to make a building earthquake proof
~re-enforce concrete with steel
~Rubber shock absorbers that absorb tremors
Nepal earthquake:
1. When
2. where
3. magnitude
- 25 April 2015
- Epicentre 80Km away from capital, Kathmandu
- 7.8 on moment magnitude scale
Social impacts of Nepal earthquake
~Nearly 9,000 dead, 17,000 injured
~Landslides occurred, affecting villages and parts of Kathmandu
~Electricity, water supplies and sewage supplies were affected
Economic impacts of Nepal Earthquake?
~9 Billion euro
~1 million children left with no schools to attend
~3.7 million people needed emergency aid, food, water, medical supplies and tents
Deforestation?
Process of cutting down or removing trees
Desertification?
Spreading of desert due to deforestation
Non-renewable resource, examples of this and where
Peat:
Raised bogs- midlands, Roscommon
Blanket bogs- West Coast, Mayo and Kerry
Example of mechanical weathering?
Freeze-thaw action:
-Occurs higher in mountains because of lapse rate
-Rainwater is trapped in cracks during the night and freezes
-The rock contracts during the day and causes the rainwater to weaken the rock
-Rock us weakened repeatedly and eventually broken off
Example of chemical weathering?
Carbonation:
rainwater falls and takes in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and creates weak carbonic acid.
Limestone contains calcium carbonate and is dissolved by this acid
Karst landscape:
1. What is it
2. Example
3. Features
- an area where soil cover has been removed and the rock is exposed to weathering
- The Burren, Co. Clare
- Cave, Stalactites ( c for ceiling), stalagmites (g for ground), pillars
Greenhouse effect:
1. What is it
2. How does it work
- the warming of the earths atmosphere caused by greenhouse gases.
- Sun’s solar energy penetrates earth’s atmosphere, warming up the earth’s surface.
The surface cools down at night, releasing the heat back into the air
Greenhouse gases trap some heat
