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- Y6 Cardiovascular > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Prophylaxis for different headaches:

A

Tension = nothing
Migraine = propranolol or topiramate (antiepileptic), riboflavin (B2), acupuncture, candesartan, CGRP mAbs
Cluster = CCB
Trigeminal neuralgia = carbamazepine or referral
IIH = acetazolamide, topiramate -> weight loss

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2
Q

Subclinical hypothyroidism TSH 7 in a 66yr old. Tx?

A

Watch and wait

If <65 you give thyroxine trial of 6 months if TSH 5.5-10 on two separate occasions AND they have symptoms

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3
Q

Bilateral parotid swelling with facial never palsy?

A

Sarcoid - most likely to be bilateral

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4
Q

Fungal nail infection?

A

Take nail clipping:
If dermatophyte -> limited: topical amorolfine; extensive: oral terbinafine (3months nails, 6months toenails)
If candida -> oral itraconazole ‘pulsed’

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5
Q

Tinea corporis?

A

Oral fluconazole

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6
Q

Tinea capitis?

A

Ketoconazole shampoo
Oral terbinafine

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7
Q

Which tone loss first in otosclerosis?

A

Low tone

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8
Q

CNS lymphoma scan?

A

Thallium SPECT homogenous enhancing lesion (just a single lesion)

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9
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy prophylaxis?

A

Lactulose - reduces ammonium
Rifaximin - modulates gut flora

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10
Q

Flushing predominant rosacea tx?

A

Bromocriptine

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11
Q

Pustules in rosacea?

A

topical ivermectin OR
topical ivermectin AND oral doxycycline OR
topical metronidazole OR
topical azelaic acid

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12
Q

18yr old previous constipation now diarrhoea with some bleeding and incontinence day and night, diagnosis?

A

IBD proctitis

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13
Q

Pruritus ani and bright red rectal bleeding and mass in anal region?

A

Anal cancer SCC

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14
Q

A 19-year-old man presents with bright red rectal bleeding. He has a longstanding history of irritable bowel syndrome. At flexible sigmoidoscopy a lesion is biopsied and reported as showing ‘fibromuscular obliteration’. Diagnosis?

A

solitary rectal ulcer syndrome - typically shows obliteration or extensive collagenous deposits

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15
Q

Jarisch Herxheimer treatment?

A

Paracetamol

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16
Q

Red eye after cataract surgery?

A

Postoperative endophthalmitis

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17
Q

The history of self-resolving cardiac chest pain on a background of ischaemic heart disease? Deep inverted T waves in V2 and V3

A

Wellen’s syndrome

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18
Q

Diarrhoea metabolic derangement on ABG?

A

metabolic acidosis with hyponatraemia and hypokalemia
NORMAL ANION GAP

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19
Q

Complications of surgery?

A
  • Wind: day 1-2 - pneumonia, aspiration, atelectasis
  • Water: day 3-5 - UTI (especially if the pt was catheterised)
  • Wound: day 5-7 - infection at surgical site or abscess formation
  • Walking: day 5+ - DVT, PE
  • Wonder drugs: drug fever or reaction to blood products or line contaminations
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20
Q

Wilson’s tx?

A

Penicillamine

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21
Q

Pregabalin or amitrypyline in BPH?

A

Pregabalin

Amitryptiline can cause retention

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22
Q

Kussmaul’s positive?

A

Constrictive pericarditis NOT tamponade
But tamponade has pulsus paradoxus (drop in BP on inspiration)

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23
Q

Non-treponemal tests?

24
Q

Anterior uveitis tx?

Study These Flashcards
A

cycloplegic e.g. Atropine, cyclopentolate
steroid

25
Holmes-Adie pupil description?
dilated pupil that remains small for an abnormally long time once it has constricted
26
Specific ECG finding in pericarditis?
PR depression
27
Does HbA1c <48 exclude diabetes?
No - HbA1c not as sensitive as fasting glucose
28
PE ECG change?
RBBB from straight on right heart
29
Finasteride MOA? Use?
5-alpha reductase inhibitor - reduces PSA. Prevents breakdown of testosterone into DHT. 1st line (with 1 alpha antagonists) for BPH Used also for male pattern baldness
30
Otitis media vs externa mangement?
Otitis media - 3 days delayed abx - amoxicillin (if <2yo then immediate) Otitis externa - topical abx and steroid immediately e.g. ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone. If getting worse then oral flucloxacillin or swab.
31
Pneumonia associated with cold sores?
S. pneumoniae
32
Reversing bleeding on dabigatran?
Idarucizumab
33
Reversal of rivaroxaban and apixaban?
Andexanet alfa
34
What is Trastuzumab?
Herceptin
35
Types of crackles in IIF?
Fine end INSPIRATORY
36
Pseudo Pelger-Huet cells ? Auer Rods?
CML Auer Rods = AML
37
Crypt abscesses?
UC
38
Nicorandil use?
Potassium channel opener in ANGINA
39
Metabolic abnormality in Addison's?
Metabolic acidosis to excrete the potassium (this explains the hypercalcaemia)
40
Dantrolene MOA?
skeletal muscle relaxant used for reversal of malignant hyperthermia (caused by depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs Suxamethonium and volatile inhaled anaesthetic halothane)
41
Which anaesthetic are MG patients resistant to?
Suxamethonium Treated with neostigmine
42
Common paraneoplastic syndrome with squamous cell carcinomas of lung?
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
43
What are some long term complications of PV in terms of progression of disease?
Myelofibrosis AML
44
Fondaparinux MOA?
Antithrombin III activator -> Xa inhibitor
45
Heparin monitoring?
APTT - standard heparin Anti-Xa levels - LMWH
46
Treating diarrhoea which floats in the toilet after cholecystectomy 6 months ago?
Cholestyramine - helps with bile acid malabsorption by binding them in the small intestine
47
HFrEF unresponsive to BB, ACEi and aldosterone antagonist. Tx next?
Ivabradine OR ARNI OR hydralazine/nitrate mix.
48
Filgrastim?
GCSF - for constant neutropenia in patients on chemo without sepsis
49
Severe anaemia and dysphagia?
Severe iron deficiency anaemia can cause dysphagia due to post-cricoid webs (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) Triad of dysphagia, glossitis and iron-deficiency anaemia (some definitions additionally include cheilitis in the syndrome).
50
Anisocoria meaning?
Unequal pupils - if more evident in bright light then there is a problem with the dilated pupil.
51
Causes of massive splenomegaly?
MF CML malaria kala-azar (leishmaniasis) Gaucher syndrome
52
Galactorrhoea causing drugs?
Metoclopramide/domperidone Phenothiazines Haloperidol Sometimes: SSRIs, opioids
53
Pericarditis vs myocarditis ?
Widespread ECG changes after recent virus VS Localised ECG changes after recent virus NB: both cause chest pain and may have some level of troponin increase
54
Name a H1 agonist vs antagonist
H1 agonist = anacid H1 antagonist = antihistamine like loratadine
55
Which blood test in incidental NAFLD diagnosis?
ELF test = enhanced liver fibrosis test

- Y6 Cardiovascular (47 decks)

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