everything

Question 1

What are the 3 Ps of first aid?

Answer 1

Preserve life
Prevent further injury
Promote recovery

Question 2

When to stop first aid?

Answer 2

another qualified person takes over

you become too exhausted to continue (it becomes a risk to urself)

you are at personal risk

EMS or other medical personnel assume responsibility

Question 3

What is the first aid and rescue process

Answer 3

The scene: recognize, assess, act on the assessment. —> Primary emergencies(handle life threatening emergency, priority is breathing and circulation): recognize, assess, act on the assessment.
—> Secondary emergencies( care for other injuries and illness): recognize, assess, act on the assessment.

Question 4

What’s the first thing you do when you arrive on a scene?

Answer 4

Check for hazards

Question 5

When to call EMS?

Answer 5

if the victim is unresponsive/ unconscious

breathing or circulation problems
a heart attack or stroke
a spinal injury
severe shock
deteriorating vital signs
a major injury
confusion, disorientation

Question 6

How to call a bystander and to properly manage them

Answer 6

-ask for help
-identify the bystander to whom you are speaking (describe them)
-call a good bystander
-use a loud and firm voice
-be assertive
-find out if bystanders have any lifesaving or first aid training
-give clear, specific instructions
-ask them to report to you when they have finished their task

Question 7

What are barrier devices?

Answer 7

-Gloves
-pocket masks

used to protect yourself and the victim from each other.

Question 8

When to suspect a spinal injury ?

Answer 8

-a fall
- a considerable blow to the head, neck or back
-an obvious injury to the head or face
-if the victim is unconscious, confused or intoxicated and one of the above has occurred

Question 9

How to properly check LOC(acronym AVPU)

Answer 9

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive

Question 10

What causes secondary drowning?

Answer 10

Aspiration of liquid

Question 11

When should a victim seek medical attention when they have a sunburn?

Answer 11

if it’s a baby or if there’s a lot of blisters and vomitting

Question 12

In what environment should you absolutely not use an AED

Answer 12

oxygen rich environment because of sparks

Question 13

What heart rhythms will an AED shock?

Answer 13

Ventricular fibrillation (Vfib)
Fast Ventricular tachycardia (Vtach)

Question 14

What is hypoxia?

Answer 14

not enough oxygen in body but there is still some present

Question 15

What is the compression and rescue breath ratio of CPR

Answer 15

30:2

Question 16

How to properly open an airway?

Answer 16

Use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique

Using your hand that is closest to the victim’s head, place it on the forehead and apply firm backward (downward) pressure with your palm to tilt the head back.
Place the first two fingers of your other hand under the bony part of the victim’s lower jaw, near the chin. Lift to bring the chin forward (upward) and almost close the teeth.
Maintain pressure on the chin, both up and towards the forehead, so the bottom of the earlobe and the chin form a straight line at right angles to the floor.

If the victim is a child or infant, be careful not to overextend the neck.

Question 17

How fast should you be doing chest compressions

Answer 17

100 to 120 compressions per minute

push hard and fast.

Question 18

What to do if victim vomits during CPR?

Answer 18

Turn them away from you and when they’re done vomiting scoop the vomit out with your fingers

Question 19

What to do before performing CPR on a pregnant victim? and why do we do it?

Answer 19

Put a pillow or a wedge-shaped object (can use the lid of the AED). under the right side of the woman’s abdomen. This shifts the uterus to the left side and helps blood return to the heart

Question 20

What to do if the victim isn’t severely choking (still coughing)

Answer 20

encourage/motivate them to keep coughing

Question 21

What to do if a victim is severely choking? and if they fall unconscious?

Answer 21

cycle of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

check ABC’s
clear airway if possible
call EMS
perform CPR depending of assessment

Question 22

Asthma: signs and symptoms, treatment

Answer 22

Signs and symptoms:
-Difficulty breathing
-Anxiety
-Wheezing

ask about medical conditions to confirm its asthma and ask about medication (inhaler)

Treatment:
-Assist the victim to a comfortable
-help the patient administer their medication (inhaler) but don’t do it for them you can help them hold it up
-Loosen tight-fitting clothing around the neck or chest.
aIf the asthma attack continues or the victim is distressed, arrange for transportation to hospital by contacting EMS.
-Encourage pursed lip breathing (like breathing throught a straw)

Question 23

Hyperventilation: signs and symptoms and treatment

Answer 23

Signs and symptoms:
-high rate of respiration, panting gasping
-lightheadedness, weakness, headache
-tingling of hands, feet, and area around the mouth
-confusion, unconsciousness

treatment:
-reassure and try to calm victim
-Encourage pursed lip breathing (like breathing through a straw) do it with them
-phone EMS if victim’s condition worsens or doesn’t improve(use your judgment)

Question 24

What’s the difference between Angina and heart attack

Answer 24

Angina is a diagnosed medical condition

Question 25

Heart attack: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 25

signs and symptoms: -trouble breathing, shortness of breath -flushed face, sweating -Pain, pressure, or tightness in the chest or shoulder -Anxiety, fear, confusion -Shock -circulation: weak, rapid pulse -Pain in the arms, neck, back or jaw -Nausea, vomiting -Weakness, dizziness -Fatigue -Indigestion -Denial of symptoms Treatment: - Call EMS -treat for shock (make them comfortable, reassure them, ect) -loosen tight clothing

Question 26

Angina: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 26

Signs and symptoms are the same as heart attack treatment is the same expect you help the victim take their prescribed medication

Question 27

Stroke: Whats the acronym to identify a stroke? the signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 27

Signs and symptoms: -Weakness, numbness or tingling in the face, arm or leg -Facial droop -Sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech -Double vision, sudden dimness or loss of vision, especially in one eye -Sudden, severe and unusual headache -Unexplained dizziness, unsteadiness Unexplained loss of consciousness F.A.S.T Facial dropping Arms (ask the patient to raise both arms up) Slurred speech Time to call EMS

Question 28

Shock: What’s the acronym to help you treat for shock? signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 28

signs and symptoms: (assume that shock is present. Most injuries are accompanied by some degree of shock) -Breathing: shallow, rapid -Circulation: weak, rapid pulse -Skin: pale, cool, clammy -Restlessness, weakness -Fear, anxiety -Confusion, disorientation -Nausea, vomiting -Unconsciousness Treatment: W.A.R.T.S Warmth Abcs(loosen tight clothing monitor vitals signs) Rest and reasurance Treatment(treat the cause of the shock) Semi-prone

Question 29

Major bleeding: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 29

Signs and symptoms - alot of blood -pain -distress, anxiety -shock Treatment: -Call EMS -apply pressure with bandages -if blood leaks throught then you add more bandages -if the bleeding doesn’t stop and the victim lost a lot of blood than you must apply a tourniquet (life over limb)

Question 30

What are the main steps of the secondary assessment

Answer 30

1. Victim and incident history 2. Check vital signs 3. Perform head-to-toe examination 4. Recheck vitals every 5-10 minutes

Question 31

What are 5 vitals signs that we should check

Answer 31

1. Level of consciousness (LOC) 2. Breathing 3. Pulse 4. skin condition 5. pupils

Question 32

Anaphylaxis: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 32

signs and symptoms: -Ask the victim specifically about allergies or check for medical condition identification. -Suspect an allergic reaction if the victim took a new medication, ate seafood or nuts (contained in various foods), or if he or she is bitten by a bee or wasp. -The more signs and symptoms are present, the faster this condition develops and becomes life-threatening. -LOC: confusion, disorientation, unconsciousness -Breathing: difficulty, wheezing -Tight sensation in airway -Generalized itchiness, rash (red), hives -Swelling of face, lips, neck or area in contact with allergen -Nausea, vomiting -Weakness, dizziness Treatment: -Call EMS -Ask victim if they have epi pen -You can administer the epi pen for them -Watch and monitor ABCs, vital signs and changes in the victim’s condition -You can give a second dose if signs and symptoms don’t improve within 5min

Question 33

How to administer an epi pen?

Answer 33

-Pull off blue safety release -Swing and firmly push orange tip against the thigh so it clicks and hold it there for 10seconds. -Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh

Question 34

Diabetes: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 34

Signs and symptoms: -Ask the victim if they have diabetes -Look for medical condition identification -LOC: confusion, disorientation, unconscious -Breathing: shallow, rapid -Circulation: weak, rapid pulse -Skin: sweating -Restlessness, trembling, weakness -Confusion, fear, anxiety -Nausea -Headache -May appear intoxicated Treatment: -Phone EMS -If unconscious, place victim in recovery position -If conscious, help victim test their blood sugar (if test kit is available) and help victim self-administer prescribed medication or sugar - preferably in order of: Glucose tablets Candy (e.g. Mentos, Skittles, Jelly beans) Orange juice or other fructose juice drinks -Advise victim to seek medical attention -Never administer insulin.

Question 35

Seizures: signs, symptoms and treatment

Answer 35

Signs and symptoms: -ask if victim had seizures before -look for medical condition identification TONIC PHASE: -LOC: loss of consciousness -Arching of the back and rigidity in the body CLONIC PHASE: -Breathing: noisy breathing, extra saliva -Contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the arms and legs (jerking or flailing) -Teeth clenching or grinding -Loss of control of the bowel or bladder AFTER SEIZURE: -Confusion, disorientation, fatigue -Seldom lasts longer than three minutes Treatment: -Phone EMS -Clear objects from the surrounding area to prevent the victim from striking them and getting injured. -Do NOT restrict the victim's movements. -Do NOT place anything between the victim's teeth. -Try to keep track of the number and duration of seizures

Question 36

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