everything

Question 1

what are the three types of conformity?

Answer 1

Compliance, Identification and Internalisation

Question 2

Describe characteristics of compliance conformity

Answer 2

Weak, Temporary

Question 3

describe characteristics of Identification conformity

Answer 3

stronger , temporary

Question 4

describe characteristics of internalisation

Answer 4

strongest type, permanent

Question 5

who conducted the Autokinetic Lab experiment

Answer 5

Sherif (1935)

Question 6

during Asch (1952) study on conformity what was the mean conformity rate

Answer 6

37%

Question 7

What type of social influence did Asch (1952) demonstrate?

Answer 7

Normative social influence

Question 8

explain Normative social influence

Answer 8

Conforming to fit in

Question 9

explain informative social influence

Answer 9

conforming in hopes of being correct

Question 10

5 factors which effected Asch 1952 study

Answer 10

group size, unanimity (support), ambiguity (clearer images), privacy and status

Question 11

what is social influence?

Answer 11

the effects of other people on an individuals beliefs, attitudes, perceptions or behavior.

Question 12

what is conformity?

Answer 12

individuals changing their behavior or attitudes in order to adhere to excisting social norms

Question 13

what is obidience?

Answer 13

one person obeys direct orders from an authority figure to perform some action

Question 14

what is compliance?

Answer 14

involves a direct request from one person to another, but does not reflect internal change

Question 15

what was Milgrams obedience study in (1974)

Answer 15

he directed participants to administer different and dangerous levels of fake electric shocks. to see if they would abide the authoritative figure despite the consequence on another person.

Question 16

define pro-social behavior

Answer 16

Bierhoff(1990) the intention to benefit another person, with lack of obligation

Question 17

Kitty Genovese case

Answer 17

Kitty was murderd at night, and many people saw and heard but did nothing to help not even call the police.

Question 18

why was it reported that no one reported the Kitty Genovese murder?

Answer 18

diffusion of responsibility and social influence

Question 19

define Reciprocity in relation to social norms.

Answer 19

we should help those who help us

Question 20

define social responsibility in relation to social norms

Answer 20

help should be given to those in need regardless for expectation or reciprocation

Question 21

define the just-world hypothesis in relation to social norms

Answer 21

give to people in line with what they deserve

Question 22

what is an attitude?

Answer 22

a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour (Eagly & Chaiken 1993)

Question 23

Daniel Katz (1960) four functional areas of attitude

Answer 23

knowledge, self-expression, adaptive and ego defense

Question 24

three components of the ABC model of Attitude (Maio & Haddock, 2019)

Answer 24

Affective , Behavioural and Cognitive

Question 25

Define Prejudice

Answer 25

Brown (2010) any attitude, emotion or behaviour towards members of a group, which directly or indirectly implies negativity or antipathy.

Question 26

define stereotype

Answer 26

a generalisation about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members regardless of variation among members.

Question 27

4 factors which draw people together

Answer 27

proximity, similarity, attraction and reciprocal liking

Question 28

explain the proximity effect

Answer 28

those we come into contact more frequently, are those with whom we are more likely to form friendships with. For example, you are more likely to form a relationship with someone in who lives on the same floor as you as opposed to someone who does not.

Question 29

what is the matching hypothesis (Walster et al, 1966)

Answer 29

people tend to choose a partner of roughly equal social desirability

Question 30

what is the social exchange theory? (relationships and attraction )

Answer 30

the "give & take " of relationship includes three factors showing the satisfaction of a relationship: profit, alternatives and investments.

Question 31

what is the Equity theory? (relationships and attraction)

Answer 31

based on social exchange, people believe if what they get reflects what they give the relationship is fair (Hogg & Vaughan))

Question 32

3 sections of Sternbergs triangle of love (1986)

Answer 32

intimacy, commitment and passion

Question 33

characteristics of Interpersonal self

Answer 33

the self that portrayed to others, works to gain social acceptance and relationships.

Question 34

characteristics of Agent self

Answer 34

involved in control, over others and ourselves. controls executive functions.

Question 35

characteristics of self knowledge

Answer 35

set of beliefs about one's self, self-awareness

Question 36

two approaches of true self

Answer 36

impulse - inner thoughts and feelings institution - public behaviours and roles

Question 37

what is the purpose of the self (2)

Answer 37

gain social acceptance, fulfil a role

Question 38

private self consciousness is..

Answer 38

tendency to introspect about inner thoughts and feelings

Question 39

public self-consciousness is...

Answer 39

a focus on our outer public image

Question 40

define introspection

Answer 40

process by which a person examines the content of their mind and mental states

Question 41

two types of social comparison

Answer 41

upward social comparison (thinking your less than others) downward social comparison (thinking your better than others)

Question 42

what is the self-perception theory (Bem, 1965)?

Answer 42

people observe their behavior to infer what they are thinking and how they are feeling. (behaviour comes before a thought or a feeling)

Question 43

two types of motivation

Answer 43

intrinsic motivation (wanting to do something for its own sake) Extrinsic motivation (doing something for the result)

Question 44

what is the self reference effect?

Answer 44

information bearing on self is processed more deeply. Remember more words when asked about self-relation.

Question 45

what is the endowment effect?

Answer 45

items gain value to the person who owns it, they want more because they own it

Question 46

define the displacement effect in relation to children and TV

Answer 46

that children watch TV instead of doing more enriching activities (Fisch, 2004)

Question 47

Piagets 4 stages of development

Answer 47

0-2 Years: Sensori Motor Stage 2-7 Years: Preoperational Stage 7-12 Years: Concrete Operational Stage 12+ Years: Formal Operational Stage

Question 48

define Decentration refering to Conservation

Answer 48

Focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them

Question 49

define Reversibility referring to Conservation

Answer 49

Thinking through a series of steps and then mentally reversing direction

Question 50

three parts of the personality according to Freud

Answer 50

ID, ego and superego (internalisation)

Question 51

social learning theory (skinner)

Answer 51

children learn their morals in the same way they learn other things

Question 52

Piaget's 3 stages of children and morals

Answer 52

Amoral stage (under 5 years) Moral realism (5-9 years) Moral relativism (10+ years)