Everything Flashcards

Question

What is a Ratification?

Answer 1

the act of consenting to the U.S. Constitution through state ratification conventions, requiring 9 of the 13 states to ratify per Article VII of the U.S. Constitution

Answer 2

Specific and separate powers delegated to Congress, the president, and the courts allow each branch to check and balance the power of the other branches, ensuring no one branch becomes too powerful ; creates multiple access points for stakeholders and institutions to influence public policy | As long as I say something like this is good ## Footnote If I don't get this slap me This idea is really really important

Answer 3

allow legal actions to be taken against public officials deemed to have abused their power | Checking other branches of powers, Make me name a few ## Footnote If I don't get this, I need to do better

Answer 4

explains how constitutional provisions of separation of powers and checks and balances control potential abuses by majorities | As long as I metion checks and balance as well as seperation of powers

Answer 5

the House formally charges an official with abuse of power or misconduct | I must say House not senate

Answer 6

if the official is convicted in a Senate impeachment trial | I must say Senate not House

Answer 7

it is the system of government in the United States in which power is shared between the national and state governments

Answer 8

written in the Constitution | I'm bad at this

Answer 9

not specifically written in the Constitution but are inferred from the Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 10

those not delegated or enumerated to the national government but are reserved to the states, as stated in the Tenth Amendment

Answer 11

shared between both levels of government such as the power to collect taxes, the power to make and enforce laws and the power to build roads

Answer 12

national funding with almost no restrictions to the states on its use and is the least used form of funding

Answer 13

national funding that is restricted to specific categories of expenditures, is preferred by the national government, and is the most commonly used form of funding | What are the two types?

Answer 14

national funding with minimal restrictions to the states on its use and is preferred by the states | Broadly defined purpose

Answer 15

requirements by the national government of the states

Answer 16

the last of the Bill of Rights to define the balance of power between the federal government and the states ; establishes reserved powers of the states

Answer 17

Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause as applied to the states

Answer 18

gives the national government the power to regulate interstate commerce, but Supreme Court interpretations can influence the extent of this power

Answer 19

gives Congress the power to make laws related to carrying out its enumerated powers, but Supreme Court interpretations can influence the extent of these powers.

Answer 20

gives the national government and its laws general precedence over states’ laws, but Supreme Court interpretations may affect when specific actions exceed this constitutional power

Answer 21

power delegated to a branch of government explicitly listed in the U.S. Constitution

Answer 22

powers not listed in the U.S. Constitution but implied or granted

Answer 23

Two house legislature

Answer 24

- designed to represent states equally - has 100 members and debate is less formal than the House - One-third of the Senate is elected every two years - creating a continuous legislative body ; bills are typically brought to the floor by unanimous consent, but a Senator may request a hold on a bill to prevent it from getting to the floor for a vote. During debate, a Senator can use the filibuster or make a motion for cloture

Answer 25

- designed to represent the people - Debate in the House, which has 435 members, is more formal than in the Senate ; - all House members are elected every two years - All revenue bills must originate in the House - Rules for debate in the House on a bill are established by the Rules Committee - The House can form a Committee of the Whole in order to expedite debate on bills. An individual representative in the House can file a discharge petition to have a bill brought to the floor for debate, but it is rarely done

Answer 26

generated by Congress to address both mandatory and discretionary spending

Answer 27

Congressional authority to ensure legislation is implemented as intended, including i. review, monitoring, and supervision of bureaucratic agencies ii. Investigation and committee hearings of bureaucratic activity iii. Power of the purse ; serves as a check of executive authorization

Answer 28

elected by a majority of House members and presides over the legislative work in the House

Answer 29

a draft or proposed law in Congress

Answer 30

conduct hearings and debate and mark up bills with revisions and additions ; leadership in committees is determined by the majority political party ; a majority of bills do not pass committees to floor debate and vote

Answer 31

a method of both houses by which committee members gather and analyze information, evidence, and testimony in deliberation over a bill prior to full chamber debate and vote

Answer 32

additions and/or revisions of a bill done in congressional committee

Answer 33

establishes rules for debate on a bill in the House

Answer 34

a committee formed in the House to expedite debate on bills

Answer 35

a filing by a House member to have a bill brough to the floor for debate, but rarely done

Answer 36

a typical Senate procedure to bring bills to the floor for debate and vote

Answer 37

a filing by a Senator to prevent a bill from getting to the floor for a vote

Answer 38

a tactic to prolong debate and delay or prevent a vote on a bill

Answer 39

a procedure to end a debate

Answer 40

meets when a bill passed by both chambers on the same topic has variation in its wording and attempt to reconcile those differences

Answer 41

required by law for entitlement programs such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid

Answer 42

any government-provided or government-managed benefit or service to which some or all individuals are entitled

Answer 43

a social insurance program funded by a payroll tax on current employers and employees to be redistributed to qualifying individuals for retirement, disability, or survivor benefits

Answer 44

a federal government-subsidized healthcare program for qualified elderly Americans

Answer 45

a federal government-subsidized healthcare program for qualified low-income households

Answer 46

approved on an annual basis for defense spending, education, and infrastructure ; as entitlement costs grow, discretionary spending opportunities will decrease unless tax revenues increase, or the budget deficit increases

Answer 47

a set of facilities, structures, and utilities developed, owned, operated, and maintained by the federal, state, and/or municipal government ; includes highways, roads, railroads, bridges, ports, airports, public transportation, water and sewage systems, electrical grids, and broadband systems

Answer 48

funding for a local project in a larger appropriation bill

Answer 49

(combining several pieces of legislation into one bill to secure enough votes for passage) OR vote trading between legislators

Answer 50

when members of Congress vote based on their political party affiliation

Answer 51

when political attitudes move toward ideological extremes

Answer 52

A situation in which no congressional action on legislation can be taken due to lack of consensus

Answer 53

redistribution of congressional seats to the several states based on the U.S. Census held every 10 years

Answer 54

Redrawing of congressional districts by statte legislatures based on congressional reapportionment

Answer 55

Redrawing of congressional districts with the intent to create undue advantage for a political party

Answer 56

When one party controls the presidency and the other party controls at least one of the chambers of Congress

Answer 57

AN outgoing politcaiton or group of politicians who continue to serve until the assumption of their elected successors

Answer 58

What is a Representative who will vote on issues based on their own knowledge and jugdement

Answer 59

A representative who sees themselves as an agent of those who elected them and will vote on issues based on the interesrs of their constituents

Answer 60

Uses a combination of trustee and delegate role conceptions

Answer 61

A list of subjects or issues to which gov't officials will agree to consider as part of public policymaking

Answer 62

An advisory body to the President made of the heads of the 15 executive departments and the VIce President

Answer 63

Comprises the offices and agencies that support the work agenda of the President; consists of the White House Office, NAtional Security Council, and tOffice MAnagement

Answer 64

It is formal power of the presendent to check COngress, but vetos can be overridden with a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress

Answer 65

It is formal power of the President to check Congress and cannot be overridden with a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress

Answer 66

the (uncontitutional) authority of the President to reject or veto particular provisions of a bill passed by Congress

Answer 67

Formal foreign policy power of the President that commands the military

Answer 68

Informal foreign policy power of the President

Answer 69

Formal foreign policy of the President

Answer 70

Informal power of the President to secure congressional action

Answer 71

an informal power to allow the president to manage the ferdeal gov't and are implied by the presidents vested executive power or by power delegated by Congress

Answer 72

It is an informal power of the President to inform Congress and the public of the president's interpretation of laws passed by Congress and signed by the President

Answer 73

It is an important check on appointment powers but there can be a potential for conflict based on who is chosen by the resident for appointments, including: -Cabinaet members -Ambassadors -Some positions within the EOP -Supreme Court Justices, Court of Appeals, and District judges but the presidents longest lasting influence lies in life tenured judicial appointments

Answer 74

It is the formal list of policies Congress is considering at any given time ; policy conflicts with the congressional agenda can lead the president to use executive orders and directives to the bureaucracy to address the president’s own agenda items

Answer 75

offers justification for a single executive by arguing a strong executive is “essential to the protection of the country against foreign attacks, to the steady administration of the laws, to the protection of property, and to the security of liberty.” | 1 prez

Answer 76

established presidential term limits and demonstrates concern about the expansion of presidential power

Answer 77

formal power of the President that is a nationally broadcast message for agenda setting that uses the media to influence public views about which policies are the most important

Answer 78

informal power of the President for agenda setting that uses the media to influence public views about which policies are the most important

Answer 79

the President uses their formal and informal powers to influence public policy and public opinion in pursuit of their presidential agenda

Answer 80

foundation for powers of the judicial branch ; life tenure for justices allows the court to function independent of the current political climate

Answer 81

the argument for how its independence checks the power of other branches ; life tenure for justices allows the court to function independent of the current political climate

Answer 82

the Supreme Court’s power to determine the constitutionality of a congressional law, executive action, or state law or state court decision

Answer 83

a principle or rule established in a previous legal case relevant to a court when deciding subsequent cases

Answer 84

the legal doctrine under which courts follow legal precedents when deciding cases with similar facts)

Everything Flashcards

(109 cards)