Everything

Question 1

Subdivision of the ANS embedded in the GI tract; contains - 100 million neurons and regulates local motility, secretion and blood flow

Answer 1

Enteric nervous systems

Question 2

Spatial organisation of auditory structures (basilar membrane, cochlear nucleus, auditory cortex), based on frequency

Answer 2

Tonotopic mapping

Question 3

In Rods, light energy activates the G-protein on photoreceptors which causes the activation of

Answer 3

Rhodopsin and reduced cyclic GMP

Question 4

In the dark, what makes up the dark current in the absence of a stimulus

Answer 4

Influx Sodium and Calcium

Question 5

Small unmyelinated fibres that conduct slow pain and temperature

Answer 5

C Fibres

Question 6

Ganglia are located where in the parasympathetic division

Answer 6

Near or in target organs

Question 7

G-Protein-coupled receptors located on parasympathetic target tissues. Mediate slower, prolonged responses

Answer 7

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Question 8

Division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiological processes, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration

Answer 8

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 9

Specialised capillary network through which hypothalamic parvocellular neurosecretory cells deliver hormones to the anterior pituitary

Answer 9

Hypophyseal Portal System

Question 10

Uses interaural time differences for low frequencies and intensity differences for high frequencies

Answer 10

Duplex Theory of Sound Localisation

Question 11

Located in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; project to posterior pituitary release oxytocin or vasopressin directly into circulation

Answer 11

Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells

Question 12

Hypothalamic region with both magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells; coordinated endocrine and autonomic output

Answer 12

Paraventricular Nucleus

Question 13

Large onion-like receptor deep in the dermis, rapidly adapting and highly sensitive to high-frequency vibrations and deep pressure.

Answer 13

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 14

Ganglia are located where in the parasympathetic division

Answer 14

Near or in target organs

Question 15

Six layers including magnocellular input and parvocellular input into Layer 4, arranged in orientation specific columns

Answer 15

Visual cortex

Question 16

The specific area of skin where a stimulus must occur to activate a neuron

Answer 16

Receptive field

Question 17

Neurotransmitter and Receptor located at the Ganglion of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Answer 17

Acetylcholine and Nicotinic Receptors

Question 18

Slowly adapting mechanoreceptor located in the basal epidermis; detects sustained pressure and texture

Answer 18

Merkel’s Disk

Question 19

Neurotransmitters released from varicosities

Answer 19

Diffuse synapse

Question 20

Neurotransmitters released from specific areas called active zones

Answer 20

Discrete synapses

Question 21

The indirect pathway of visual information

Answer 21

Photoreceptor to Horizontal or Amacrine Cells to Retinal Ganglion Cells

Question 22

The direct pathway of visual information

Answer 22

Photoreceptor to Bipolar cells to Retinal Ganglion cells

Question 23

Large diameter, myelinated fibres transmitting fast, discriminative touch signals (e.g. from Merkle or Meissner receptors)

Answer 23

Type A(beta) fibres

Question 24

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in what two regions of the spinal cord

Answer 24

Cranial and Sacral

Question 25

Brain structure coordinating autonomic and endocrine responses to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

The posterior pituitary is responsible for the production and release of which two hormones

Answer 26

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Question 27

Unencapsulated receptors found throughout the body that responds to pain, temperature, and crude touch

Answer 27

Free Nerve Endings

Question 28

Free nerve endings that detect tissue damage or potential harm; associated with pain perception

Answer 28

Nociceptors

Question 29

Receptor types for Salty and Sour vs Sweet and Bitter (the same as sodium)

Answer 29

Ion channels; G-protein channels receptors (GPCRs)

Question 30

Type of organisation observed in receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells

Answer 30

Centre surround

Question 31

The visual pathway from where it leaves the eye to arrives in the brain? (6 stops)

Answer 31

Retina - Optic Nerve - Optic Chiasm - LGN (?) - Optic Radiations - V1 (?Visual cortex)