Everything Flashcards
(46 cards)
Label the parts of the atom.
Nucleus, Proton, Neutron, Electron, Electron shell
Compare the nucleus and electron cloud of an atom.
Subatomic Particle(s): Nucleus – Protons & Neutrons, Electron Cloud – Electrons, Location: Nucleus – Centre, Electron Cloud – Orbiting, Mass: Nucleus – 1 (relative), Electron Cloud – 0 (relative), Site for the formation: Nucleus – Isotopes, Electron Cloud – Ions
What is the atomic number, mass number, and element name of an atom with 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons?
Atomic number: 14, Mass number: 28, Element: Silicon
Why is an atom neutral?
Because it has the same number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons, so their charges cancel each other out
Which subatomic particle causes isotopes?
Neutrons
What happens when the number of neutrons increases in an atom?
It increases the mass number and may make the atom more unstable
What happens when the number of neutrons decreases?
It decreases the mass number and may also lead to instability
Which subatomic particle is responsible for ion formation?
Electrons
What is an ion?
An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge
Why do atoms form ions?
To achieve a full outer shell and become more stable
What happens to protons and electrons in a positive ion?
Protons stay the same, electrons decrease
What happens to protons and electrons in a negative ion?
Protons stay the same, electrons increase
Complete the table showing ion formation.
K → K⁺ (loses 1 electron), Mg → Mg²⁺ (loses 2 electrons)
Define a wave.
A way energy transfers without particle movement
Label transverse and longitudinal waves.
Transverse – crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, energy direction, particle movement, Longitudinal – compression, rarefaction, amplitude, wavelength, energy direction, particle movement
How do particles move in mechanical waves?
They vibrate but return to their original positions
Calculate the frequency of each wave.
Wave 1: 12 Hz, Wave 2: 12 Hz, Wave 3: 6 Hz
Which wave has the lowest amplitude?
Wave 2
Which wave has the highest pitch?
Wave 1
Why does a small room have better sound quality than a large one?
Sound reflects quicker in smaller rooms, reducing echo and reverberation
How are electromagnetic waves different from mechanical waves?
EM waves don’t need a medium, mechanical waves do
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
A range of EM waves arranged by wavelength
Describe the properties and uses of waves in the EM spectrum.
Radio: longest wavelength, used in communication and MRI, Microwave: long wavelength, used in ovens, phones, satellite, Infrared: felt as heat, thermal imaging, communication, Visible light: white light made of colours, used in lasers, photography, UV: can cause sunburn, also used in sterilisation and currency, X-rays: high energy, used in medical imaging, Gamma: shortest wavelength, high energy, used in cancer treatment
Where does radioactivity occur and why?
In the nucleus, due to imbalance in protons and neutrons
