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Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

1
Q

Fossa in pelvis that femur articulates with

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

Connection of ischium and pubis bones

Make infrapubic arch

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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3
Q

Joint between left and right pubis bones

A

Pubic symphysis

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4
Q

What nerve innervates respiratory diaphragm

A

Phrenic (C3-C5)

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5
Q

What perforates the respiratory diaphragm? Where?

A

Inferior vena cava T8
Esophagus T10
Aorta T12
Each has its own hiatus

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6
Q

Which muscles help with forced inhalation

A

Serratus posterior superior

External intercostals

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7
Q

Which muscles help with forced exhalation

A 
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Transversus thoracis
Abdominals
Serratus posterior inferior
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8
Q

Muscle that originates at interior sternum and inserts on the ribs
Helps with forced exhalation

A

Transversus thoracis

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9
Q

What is the name of the line that divides the abdomen (muscles)

A

Arcuate line

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10
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal

A

Men - spermatic cord

Women - round ligament of uterus

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11
Q

Layers of abdomen superior - inferior

A 
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis/ transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum
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12
Q

Which muscle does the superficial inguinal ring perforate

A

External oblique

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13
Q

Which muscle does the deep inguinal ring perforate

A

Transversus abdominis

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14
Q

What makes up the largest part of the pelvic diaphragm

What are it’s functions

A

Levator ani

Supports pelvic viscera, continence

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the peritoneum

A

Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberosity (either side)
Coccyx

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16
Q

What position are you in at the gyno

A

Lithotomy

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17
Q

What oversees the autonomic nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

What’s another name for the sympathetic autonomic division

A

Thoracolumbar

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19
Q

Where in the spinal cord in the sympathetic division

A

T1-L2

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20
Q

Which neurotransmitter do sympathetic postsynaptic neurons release

A

Norepinephrine

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21
Q

Describe the path of sympathetic nerves from spinal cord to target

A

Presynaptic Cell body in lateral horn
Presynaptic axon travels through anterior (ventral) root - communicating rami - sympathetic chain ganglia
Postsynaptic cell body in sympathetic chain ganglia
If target in body cavity - splachnic nerve
If target in skin/extremeties - communicating rami - spinal nerves

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22
Q

Effect of sympathetic nervous system on body

A 
Increase sebaceous glands
Decrease lacrimal gland
Decrease salivary glands
Dilate bronchioles
Increase heart rate
Decrease peristalsis
Relax detrusor/muscular wall of rectum; construct sphincters
Secretion of norepinephrine/epinephrine from adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)
Ejaculation
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23
Q

Where is the parasympathetic division in the spinal cord

A

Brain stem - cranial nerves
S2-S4
Cranio-sacral

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24
Q

Superior mediastinum

A

Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk - arteries
Aortic arch
Superior vena cava - brachiocephalic veins
Trachea - primary bronchi
Esophagus
Vagus nerve

25
Q

Middle mediastinum

A

Contents of pericardial sac

Roots of great vessels

26
Q

Anterior mediastinum

A

Some fat

27
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A 
Descending aorta
Esophagus
Vagus nerve
Azygous venous system
Thoracic duct
28
Q

How does the vagus nerve travel through the neck/thorax

A

More medial than phrenic nerve
Right and left side travels down neck - dives posterior to root of lung
Surrounds esophagus - esophageal plexus
Splits again into anterior/posterior vagal trunks

29
Q

Foramen ovale turns into…

A

Fossa ovalis

30
Q

Ductus arteriosus turns into…

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

31
Q

Vestigial structure that directed blood toward foramen ovale in fetal circulation

A

Eustachian valve

32
Q

Muscle fibers of atria

A

Pectinate muscle

33
Q

Muscle fibers of ventricles

A

Trabecular carenae

34
Q

Patent foramen ovale

A

Atrial septal defect
RA - LA
Low energy

35
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Blood can be exchanged between aorta and pulmonary trunk (A to PT favored)
Low energy

36
Q

Aortic coarctation

A

Narrowing of aorta right below/above ductus arteriosus
Blood can’t reach thoracic aorta
Intercostal arteries enlarge to bypass constriction to get blood to aorta (left subclavian - internal thoracic - intercostals - thoracic aorta)

37
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A 
Congenital
Stenosis of pulmonary trunk - obstructed
RV hypertrophy
Interventricular septal defect
Increased flow to aorta
Neonatal cyanosis
38
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A 
Sinoatrial node
Internodal pathway - atria
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle (His)
Atrioventricular branches (L/R)
Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)
39
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A

Branches from left subclavian artery
Runs along sternum
Branches into anterior/posterior intercostal arteries

40
Q

Celiac trunk artery

A

Branches from abdominal aorta inferior to hepatogastric ligament/liver, superior to stomach
Branches into left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
Short

41
Q

Common hepatic artery

A

Branches off of celiac trunk to the right towards the liver

Branches into proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery

42
Q

Left gastric artery

A

Most lateral branch off celiac trunk (left)

Brings blood to half of lesser curvature of stomach

43
Q

Splenic artery

A

Middle branch off of celiac trunk
Goes to spleen, pancreas
Branches into left gastro-omental artery

44
Q

Left gastro-omental artery

A

Branches from splenic artery

Supplies left side of greater curvature of stomach

45
Q

Proper hepatic artery

A

Branch off of common hepatic artery

Branches into cystic, right/left hepatic, and right gastric arteries

46
Q

Gastroduodenal artery

A

Branches off of common hepatic artery

Dives deep to the pyloris of stomach and branches into right gastro-omental artery

47
Q

Right gastric artery

A

Branches off of proper hepatic artery

Supplies right side of lesser curvature of stomach

48
Q

Right gastro-omental artery

A

Branches off of gastroduodental artery

Supplies right side of greater curvature of stomach and duodenum

49
Q

Cystic artery

A

Branches off of proper hepatic artery

Supplies gall bladder

50
Q

Left/right hepatic artery

A 
Branches from proper hepatic artery
Supply liver (R/L lobes)
51
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Branches off of abdominal aorta just inferior to celiac trunk
Branches into middle colic, ileo-colic, right colic, intestinal arteries

52
Q

Middle colic artery

A

Branches from superior mesenteric artery (most superior, to right)
Supplies transverse colon

53
Q

Right colic artery

A

Branches off of superior mesenteric (middle, right)

Supplies ascending colon

54
Q

Ileo-colic artery

A

Most inferior branch of superior mesenteric

Supplies ileocolic junction

55
Q

Intestinal arteries (branches)

A

Branch off of the superior mesenteric artery (left)

Supply small intestine

56
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Branches off of abdominal aorta just above bifurcation into common iliac arteries
Branches into left colic, sigmoid branches, superior rectal arteries

57
Q

Left colic artery

A

Branches off of inferior mesenteric artery (most superior)

Supplies descending colon

58
Q

Sigmoid arteries (branches)

A

TWO branches off of inferior mesenteric artery

Supplies sigmoid colon

59
Q

Superior rectal artery

A

Branches off of inferior mesenteric (most inferior)

Supplies rectum

Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (3 decks)

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