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Gross Anatomy Exam 2 > Everything > Flashcards

Everything Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Fossa in pelvis that femur articulates with

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

Connection of ischium and pubis bones

Make infrapubic arch

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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3
Q

Joint between left and right pubis bones

A

Pubic symphysis

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4
Q

What nerve innervates respiratory diaphragm

A

Phrenic (C3-C5)

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5
Q

What perforates the respiratory diaphragm? Where?

A

Inferior vena cava T8
Esophagus T10
Aorta T12
Each has its own hiatus

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6
Q

Which muscles help with forced inhalation

A

Serratus posterior superior

External intercostals

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7
Q

Which muscles help with forced exhalation

A 
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals
Transversus thoracis
Abdominals
Serratus posterior inferior
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8
Q

Muscle that originates at interior sternum and inserts on the ribs
Helps with forced exhalation

A

Transversus thoracis

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9
Q

What is the name of the line that divides the abdomen (muscles)

A

Arcuate line

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10
Q

What passes through the inguinal canal

A

Men - spermatic cord

Women - round ligament of uterus

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11
Q

Layers of abdomen superior - inferior

A 
External oblique
Internal oblique
Rectus abdominis/ transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum
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12
Q

Which muscle does the superficial inguinal ring perforate

A

External oblique

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13
Q

Which muscle does the deep inguinal ring perforate

A

Transversus abdominis

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14
Q

What makes up the largest part of the pelvic diaphragm

What are it’s functions

A

Levator ani

Supports pelvic viscera, continence

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the peritoneum

A

Pubic symphysis
Ischial tuberosity (either side)
Coccyx

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16
Q

What position are you in at the gyno

A

Lithotomy

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17
Q

What oversees the autonomic nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

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18
Q

What’s another name for the sympathetic autonomic division

A

Thoracolumbar

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19
Q

Where in the spinal cord in the sympathetic division

A

T1-L2

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20
Q

Which neurotransmitter do sympathetic postsynaptic neurons release

A

Norepinephrine

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21
Q

Describe the path of sympathetic nerves from spinal cord to target

A

Presynaptic Cell body in lateral horn
Presynaptic axon travels through anterior (ventral) root - communicating rami - sympathetic chain ganglia
Postsynaptic cell body in sympathetic chain ganglia
If target in body cavity - splachnic nerve
If target in skin/extremeties - communicating rami - spinal nerves

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22
Q

Effect of sympathetic nervous system on body

A 
Increase sebaceous glands
Decrease lacrimal gland
Decrease salivary glands
Dilate bronchioles
Increase heart rate
Decrease peristalsis
Relax detrusor/muscular wall of rectum; construct sphincters
Secretion of norepinephrine/epinephrine from adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)
Ejaculation
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23
Q

Where is the parasympathetic division in the spinal cord

A

Brain stem - cranial nerves
S2-S4
Cranio-sacral

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24
Q

Superior mediastinum

Study These Flashcards
A

Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk - arteries
Aortic arch
Superior vena cava - brachiocephalic veins
Trachea - primary bronchi
Esophagus
Vagus nerve

25
Middle mediastinum
Contents of pericardial sac | Roots of great vessels
26
Anterior mediastinum
Some fat
27
Posterior mediastinum
``` Descending aorta Esophagus Vagus nerve Azygous venous system Thoracic duct ```
28
How does the vagus nerve travel through the neck/thorax
More medial than phrenic nerve Right and left side travels down neck - dives posterior to root of lung Surrounds esophagus - esophageal plexus Splits again into anterior/posterior vagal trunks
29
Foramen ovale turns into...
Fossa ovalis
30
Ductus arteriosus turns into...
Ligamentum arteriosum
31
Vestigial structure that directed blood toward foramen ovale in fetal circulation
Eustachian valve
32
Muscle fibers of atria
Pectinate muscle
33
Muscle fibers of ventricles
Trabecular carenae
34
Patent foramen ovale
Atrial septal defect RA - LA Low energy
35
Patent ductus arteriosus
Blood can be exchanged between aorta and pulmonary trunk (A to PT favored) Low energy
36
Aortic coarctation
Narrowing of aorta right below/above ductus arteriosus Blood can’t reach thoracic aorta Intercostal arteries enlarge to bypass constriction to get blood to aorta (left subclavian - internal thoracic - intercostals - thoracic aorta)
37
Tetralogy of Fallot
``` Congenital Stenosis of pulmonary trunk - obstructed RV hypertrophy Interventricular septal defect Increased flow to aorta Neonatal cyanosis ```
38
Cardiac conduction system
``` Sinoatrial node Internodal pathway - atria Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular bundle (His) Atrioventricular branches (L/R) Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers) ```
39
Internal thoracic artery
Branches from left subclavian artery Runs along sternum Branches into anterior/posterior intercostal arteries
40
Celiac trunk artery
Branches from abdominal aorta inferior to hepatogastric ligament/liver, superior to stomach Branches into left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries Short
41
Common hepatic artery
Branches off of celiac trunk to the right towards the liver | Branches into proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery
42
Left gastric artery
Most lateral branch off celiac trunk (left) | Brings blood to half of lesser curvature of stomach
43
Splenic artery
Middle branch off of celiac trunk Goes to spleen, pancreas Branches into left gastro-omental artery
44
Left gastro-omental artery
Branches from splenic artery | Supplies left side of greater curvature of stomach
45
Proper hepatic artery
Branch off of common hepatic artery | Branches into cystic, right/left hepatic, and right gastric arteries
46
Gastroduodenal artery
Branches off of common hepatic artery | Dives deep to the pyloris of stomach and branches into right gastro-omental artery
47
Right gastric artery
Branches off of proper hepatic artery | Supplies right side of lesser curvature of stomach
48
Right gastro-omental artery
Branches off of gastroduodental artery | Supplies right side of greater curvature of stomach and duodenum
49
Cystic artery
Branches off of proper hepatic artery | Supplies gall bladder
50
Left/right hepatic artery
``` Branches from proper hepatic artery Supply liver (R/L lobes) ```
51
Superior mesenteric artery
Branches off of abdominal aorta just inferior to celiac trunk Branches into middle colic, ileo-colic, right colic, intestinal arteries
52
Middle colic artery
Branches from superior mesenteric artery (most superior, to right) Supplies transverse colon
53
Right colic artery
Branches off of superior mesenteric (middle, right) | Supplies ascending colon
54
Ileo-colic artery
Most inferior branch of superior mesenteric | Supplies ileocolic junction
55
Intestinal arteries (branches)
Branch off of the superior mesenteric artery (left) | Supply small intestine
56
Inferior mesenteric artery
Branches off of abdominal aorta just above bifurcation into common iliac arteries Branches into left colic, sigmoid branches, superior rectal arteries
57
Left colic artery
Branches off of inferior mesenteric artery (most superior) | Supplies descending colon
58
Sigmoid arteries (branches)
TWO branches off of inferior mesenteric artery | Supplies sigmoid colon
59
Superior rectal artery
Branches off of inferior mesenteric (most inferior) | Supplies rectum

Gross Anatomy Exam 2 (3 decks)

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