Everything

Question 1

What are the three main rock types?

Answer 1

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Question 2

How do extrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 2

Extrusive igneous rocks form no crystals in the rock, meaning they have cooled very quickly once the magma has reached the Earth’s surface

Question 3

How do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Answer 3

Intrusive igneous rocks form many crystals, meaning the magma has cooled very slowly and deeply into the Earth

Question 4

Where are sédiments deposited?

Answer 4

Sea floors, rivers and lakes

Question 5

How are sédiments transported?

Answer 5

By water, ice and wind

Question 6

What can sédiments that form sedimentary rocks be eroded from?

Answer 6

Sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks

Question 7

Why do metamorphic rocks have deformed layers?

Answer 7

Due to the extreme heat and pressure used to meld the rock

Question 8

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 8

A set of processes which convert rocks of one type into another type, of convert rock into sediment and back into rock again

Question 9

Where can fossils form?

Answer 9

Only in sedimentary rock

Question 10

How are fossils formed?

Answer 10

When an organism falls into mud when it dies

Question 11

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 11

The physical breaking down of a rock with no chemical components

Question 12

What is chemical weathering?

Answer 12

The breaking of bonds through water, which chemically interacts with lattice in the minerals

Question 13

What is sedimentation?

Answer 13

When sediment settles at the bottom of the ocean

Question 14

What is compaction?

Answer 14

When sediment begins to compact due to the pressure above it

Question 15

What is cementation?

Answer 15

When compaction eventually forms new rock

Question 16

What are the two main processes of fossilisation?

Answer 16

Permineralization and replacement

Question 17

What are trace fossils?

Answer 17

Indicators and clues of fossil behaviour such as footprints, burrows and bite marks

Question 18

What is a body fossil?

Answer 18

Any part of an organisms body such as plates, bones or teeth

Question 19

What is pressure?

Answer 19

Force applied to a given surface which can be increased by increasing the force or decreasing the area

Question 20

What is the standard unit of pressure?

Answer 20

Pascal (Pa)

Question 21

What is air pressure at sea level?

Answer 21

101.3 kPa

Question 22

What is air pressure underground?

Answer 22

25000 kPa

Question 23

What is metamorphic rock?

Answer 23

A rock that undergoes change through exposure to extreme heat or pressure

Question 24

What is contact metamorphism caused by?

Answer 24

Extreme heat

Question 25

What is regional metamorphism caused by?

Answer 25

Extreme pressure

Question 26

What are the seven principles of stratigraphy?

Answer 26

Uniformitarianism, intrusive relationships, cross-cutting relationships, inclusion and components, original horizontality, superposition and faunal succession

Question 27

What is superposition?

Answer 27

A principle of geology that states layers further down into rock strata are older than rocks further up

Question 28

What are cross-cutting relationships?

Answer 28

A principle of geology that states the geologic feature that cuts another is the younger of the two features

Question 29

How does the rock cycle begin?

Answer 29

When magma reaches the surface of the Earth and erupts from volcanoes as lava, which form igneous rocks

Question 30

What is the second stage of the rock cycle?

Answer 30

Igneous rocks go through the processes of erosion, weathering, transport and deposition before forming sédiments

Question 31

What is the third stage of the rock cycle?

Answer 31

Sédiments go through compaction and cementation before forming sedimentary rock

Question 32

What is the fourth stage of the rock cycle?

Answer 32

Sedimentary rock goes through high pressure, high heat and burial before forming metamorphic rock

Question 33

What is the final stage of the rock cycle?

Answer 33

Metamorphic rock melts to form magma

Question 34

Why are diamonds so hard?

Answer 34

Because all their atoms are of an equal distance apart, making them very rigid and giving them a 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale