Everything GA

Question 1

What does a capnograph measure?

Answer 1

ETCO2

Question 2

What’s the normal range for ETCO2?

Answer 2

Dog 35-45

Cat 28-32

Question 3

What does a capnograph provide information on?

Answer 3

Ventilation, cardiac output, ET tube patency, metabolism

Question 4

What numbers mean hyperventilation?

Answer 4

55 mmHg ETCO2

Question 5

What does a flat line mean?

What do you do?

Answer 5

Apnoea, Disconnection,

Check HR, pulse, ventilate,
Check circuit + equipment

Question 6

What does elevated baseline mean? (Rebreathing)

What do you do?

Answer 6

Rebreathing CO2 , expired soda lime , gas flow too low

Change soda lime, increase gas flow

Question 7

What does decreased plateau mean?

Answer 7

Hyperventilation, hypothermia, circuit leak

Check patient depth

Question 8

What does it mean if there’s no signal?

Answer 8

Obstruction, disconnection, apnea

Check patient and circuit

Question 9

What does a decreasing plateau to 0 mean?

Answer 9

Cardiac arrest

Question 10

What does a plateau dip mean?

Answer 10

Bucking the ventilator, spontaneous breath during ventilation

Check depth

Question 11

What does a shark fin mean?

Answer 11

Inadequate seal around ET tube

Question 12

What does a shark fin pointing the opposite way mean?

Answer 12

Obstruction in ET tube (mucous)

Asthma

Question 13

What’s the difference between the SA node and AV node?

Answer 13

SA node is the pacemaker, sends values to the AV node. This makes the P wave

Question 14

What do you do if patient Is hyperventilating?

Answer 14

Turn up isoflurane
Could be too hot
Bolus fentanyl
Small amounts of ketamine

Question 15

What drug can cause an AV block? (Arrhythmia)

Answer 15

Medatomidine

Question 16

What do you do if theres hypoventilation?

Answer 16

IPPV once or twice 
Don't over ventilate 
Decrease Isoflurane 
Check depth 
If severe, reverse sedative