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Astronomy 102 > Everything up until the final > Flashcards

Everything up until the final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the air made up of?

A

80% Nitrogen, 20% Oxygen

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2
Q

What is the freezing point of water in Fahrenheit?

A

32 Degrees F

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3
Q

What is the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit?

A

212 degrees F

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4
Q

What is the lowest temperature in celcius?

A

-273 degrees C. OR 0 Kelvin

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5
Q

How do you find Kelvin if you’re given the temperature in Celsius?

A

K = C + 273

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6
Q

What are the “4 forces” ?

A

1) Gravity/ levity
2) EM force (electromagnetic)
3) Strong
4) Weak

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7
Q

What does Strong force do?

A

Hold the nucleus together. With the protons having the same charge they naturally want to repel one another but strong force holds them together.

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8
Q

What is Weak force?

A

Something to do with radioactivity??? idk half life or some shit.

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9
Q

What is the surface(photosphere) temperature of the Sun?

A

6000 Kelvin

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10
Q

What colour do “cool stars” appear?

A

RED

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11
Q

What colour do “hot stars” appear?

A

BLUE

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12
Q

What are the wavelengths from shortest to longest?

A

Shorter waves have higher energy

Gamma ray
X-ray
Ultra violet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwave
Radio wave

Longer waves have less energy

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13
Q

What is an Alpha particle?

A

Helium nucleus consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

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14
Q

What is a Beta particle?

A

Electron

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15
Q

What are 7 different types of stars?

A

1) Red/Blue Giants
2) Red/Blue Dwarfs
3) Neutrons
4) Quorks
5) Black hole
6) Variable
7) Binary stars

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16
Q

How far away is the Sun?

A

93 million miles, 150 million km, 8 light minutes, 1 AU (astronomical unit)

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17
Q

What are the first 5 letters of the Greek alphabet?

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon

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18
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1.00 g/cm cubed

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19
Q

What is the density of a rock?

A

3.00 g/cm cubed

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20
Q

What is the density of gold?

A

20.0 g/cm cubed

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21
Q

Name 3 radioactive elements?

A

1) Uranium
2) Radium
3) Polonium

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22
Q

How long is the solar cycle of the Sun?

A

Solar cycle = Magnetic field. flips every 11 years

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23
Q

How long is the rotational period of the sun?

A

24 days at the equator. 35 days close to the top/bottom. called “Differential Rotation”

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24
Q

Who discovered the composition of the sun and in what year?

A

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1925)

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25
Q

What is the corona and what temperature is it?

A

Outer most layer of the suns atmosphere. Can be seen during a total solar eclipse.
2,000,000 K

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26
Q

What is the chromosphere of the sun and what temperature is it?

A

Lower region of the suns atmosphere. 10,000 K

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27
Q

What is the photosphere and what temperature is it?

A

“Visible surface” of the sun. 6,000 K. Where the Sun spots (solar granulation) happen

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28
Q

How long does it take a neutrino to get out of the sun?

A

2 seconds

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29
Q

How long does it take a photon to get out of the sun?

A

“Random walk” anywhere from 100,000 - 1,000,000 years

30
Q

What are the 4 famous super novas and what years did they happen?

A

1054 - Crab
1572 - Tycho
1604 - Kepler
1987 - Large Magellanic Cloud

31
Q

Who invented (discovered idk) the Bright line Dark line and Continuous star spectrum’s?

A

Bunsen and Kirchoff (1860ish)

Fraunhoffer- found the actual dark lines

32
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time

33
Q

What is Lambda Max?

A

The wavelength at which a substance has its strongest photon absorption.

The highest point along the spectrums y-axis

34
Q

What is Absolute brightness (Magnitude) M?

A

How bright a star appears at a distance of 10 pc

35
Q

What is apparent brightness (Magnitude) m?

A

How bright a star appears from earth

36
Q

Which type of stars show strong helium lines?

A

O & B stars

37
Q

Which type of stars show strong hydrogen lines?

A

A stars

38
Q

Which type of stars show strong molecule lines?

A

K & M stars

39
Q

Name some binary systems?

A

Procyon A (main sequence)
-procyon B (white dwarf)

Sirius A (main sequence)
-sirius B (white dwarf)

Mizar and Alcor (6 star unit)

40
Q

How long does it take Halley’s comet to orbit the sun?

A

76 years

41
Q

What is “sublimation” and where would you see this term for astronomy?

A

(goes from a solid to a gas right away)

The solar winds “melt” the ice (sublimation) of a comet and the dirt trails behind

42
Q

What is the temperature/ density of the center of the sun?

A

15,000,000 K
150 g/cm3

43
Q

What is another name for hydrogen burning and what temperature is needed to do it?

A

Proton proton chain

10,000,000 K (fusion of protons)

44
Q

What temperature is needed for helium burning?

A

100,000,000 K

45
Q

What temperature is needed for C, N, O burning?

A

500,000,000 K

46
Q

Density of the earth?

A

5.5 g/cm3

47
Q

What is the brightest star (largest apparent mag from earth)?

A

Sirius A

48
Q

Finish the sentence “The more luminous the star the………..”
And who discovered this?

A

the more luminous the star the HIGHER THE MASS.

Eddington discovered this.

49
Q

What is the nearest star?

A

Proxima Centauri

50
Q

What are brown dwarfs?

A

Bigger than a planet, smaller than a star.
“ Super planet or failed star “

Failed because doesn’t reach the 10 mil kelvin required to burn hydrogen

51
Q

What are the 3 kinds of meterorites?

A

1) Stony
2) Metal (iron)
3) Stony (iron-type) RARE

52
Q

How fast does Earth move?

A

30 km/s

53
Q

Why do Cephied variable stars pulsate and how much can they change in size?

A

unequal pressure forces and gravity.

change of 20%

54
Q

Which stars have longer lifetimes? (mass-lifetime relation)

A

Smaller mass = longer life

Bigger mass = shorter life

55
Q

Composition of the suns surface?

A

75% H
24% He
1% metals

56
Q

Composition of the suns center?

A

50% H (because its burning)
49% He
1% metals

57
Q

What is another name for helium burning?

A

Triple alpha process
“helium flash”

58
Q

What type of stars can burn CNO?

A

High mass stars (that reach 500mil K)

low mass stars cant

59
Q

List some types of stars you would find in the instability strip?

A

Variable stars:
Cepheids
R R Lyrae
Z Z Ceti

60
Q

What type of star is Trappist 1?

A

Low mass star (like proxima centauri).

It has 7 planets going around it

61
Q

What is the Chandrasekhar limit?

A

When a star adds mass to the white dwarf it starts to shrink but the density increases.

The limit that a white dwarf can get to before turning into a super nova is 1.44mass of the sun.

“electron degenerate pressure”

62
Q

What is a planetary nebula?

A

A glowing, expanding shell of ionized gas ejected from the low mass red giant. a white dwarf is left behind.

63
Q

What type of spectrum is the moon?

A

Dark line (absorption)

64
Q

Where would you find a continuous spectrum?

A

Glowing tungsten filament

65
Q

what is an example of a black hole?

A

Cygnus X-1
Sagitarius A

66
Q

What element does the H and K lines show?

A

Ionized calcium

67
Q

Name of the observatory in victoria?

A

Dominion astrophysical observatory

68
Q

Where is mount Palomar?

A

California

69
Q

Which spectral type shows the strongest hydrogen lines?

A

A type stars

70
Q

What type of lines are present in O type stars?

A

Ionized helium

71
Q

What type of lines are present in B type stars ?

A

Neutral helium

Astronomy 102 (1 decks)

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