Evidence Flashcards by Ali Reza Gohari

2017 General Election

Labour got 64% of under 24
Conservative got 61% of 65+
More AB voted conservatives; 48% v 32%
Labour bad press due to Corbyn
U turn on dementia tax Tory
Labour manifesto geared toward young voters & removed nationalisation
Conservative manifesto made by policymakers

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2019 general election

Widespread labour losses
Conservatives benefitted from electoral system: 56% seats 43.6% vote
Labour lost 6 Welsh seats
Fall of red wall
Rise in conservative votes amongst C2 and DE (nearly 50%)
43% of former labour supporters left due to starmer

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1997 general election

Blair strong leadership
37% of AB vote labour
Sun backed Labour Party; supported conservatives in 1992 when they won

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1979 general election

Thatcher v Callaghan
No confidence vote in Tory
Turnout 76%
Won with 44% of vote
All areas went Tory; more in south
Tory gained 9/11% in C2 D
Women gained conservative due to preferring strong government
Labour only won under 24

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Salient issues

Conservatives use inflation and economic turmoil under Callaghan
Media against Blair war
Labour used black Wednesday in 1997
Brexit led to conservative red wall
Dementia tax
Corbyn antisemitism

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High vote share v seats

2015 green 1 seat 1 million votes
UKIP 12% no seat

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Referendum results and turnouts

AV: turnout 42%; lost by 68%
Brexit: 72%; won by 51.9%
Scottish independence: turnout 85%; loss by 55%

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1997 Class Voting

41% AB vote Cons
59% DE vote Labour; 21% Tory

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% who believe TV is the most influential part of the media

62%

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How many watched TV debates in 2010 v 2019

9.6m v 4.8m

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How many young people rely on internet fully?

79%

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% of Brexit vote without qualifications

75%

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When did cities reject local mayors?

2010 all except Bristol
Turnout under 30

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How much is the state funding for referendum campaigns?

600,000
Went to 700,000 in Brexit campaign

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Declining turnout

75% in 1987, 71% in 1997, 59% 2001, 66% 2015

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Sources of the constitution

Statute - PPERA
common law - Gina miller
Authoritative works - the British constitution
Convention - Salisbury doctrine
EU law

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Principles of the constitution

Rule of law, parliamentary sovereignty, separation of powers

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Disadvantages of representative democracy

Not directly asked, people make their own decision, detachment,

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When was the 3 line whip developed

1900s

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Rise of elitist democracy

90% graduates, 35% privately educated

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% who claim they don’t trust govt

32%

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Partisan dealignment

1950 90% affiliated
Now: 432k Lab, 172k Cons, 104K snp

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Causes of Pd

Lost social capital, more educated, media scrutiny, rise of career politicians & age of spin

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Increasing democracy

Lower voting age
E democracy
Compulsory voting

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Sectional PG

BMA unite

Causal PG

Rspb Cancer research

BMA success/failure

Seatbelts, sugar tax, alcohol pricing, Strike in 2016 flopped

Greenpeace success/failure

Shut down offshore / lobby govt against petrol cars 300m revenue Failed to enforce London carbon cap Conflict with scientists over GMO

Example of failing inside

NUT flopped with Gove

Methods of PG

Letters - water aid Lobbying/celeb ghurka Legal challenge: child poverty group v welfare change March - stop the war flop Consultation - health and social care act

Think tanks

Fabian society Adam smith institute

By elections & accountability

Can trigger recall with 10% if MP out for set time Eg Davies 2019 lost to libdem

Questionable mandates

Labour only got 35% of vote in 2005 Never had over 50% of vote share

Criticism of FPTP

Labour 28 safe seats 2017: lab/cons 2% difference but 55 seats; libdem 12% 11 seats

Majoritarian systems

AV, FPTP, SV

PR systems

AMS, STV,

Types of issue

Valence Issue voters Rational choice

Social class breakdown

2010 2017/9 cons hold c2de strongly; labour hold AB with libdem Cons 58% below GCSE 2019; labour 64% working class 1964

Age division

Labour holds 2/3 of 18-24 Cons hold 45+ Blair got middle age 12% Crossover age at 39

Short term factors for election results

Leaders, policy, incumbent, funding, overton window, media

1979 GE

Winter of discontent Promised privatisation and better services Labour broken economy Right to buy Monetarist

1997 election

Black Wednesday crisis Incumbent sex scandal Cash for access scandal 179 seat majority Increased all shared and 70% bame

1997 manifesto promises

Cut times Devo Fast track No tax rise

Liverpool Walton labour

85.7%

Cons/Lab vote share 1979 to 2010

81% to 65%

EU dominance over UK case

Factortame 1990

limits on party funding

PPERA 2000 limit to 30k constituency Trade Union Act 2016 PPEA 2009 anything over 7500 has to be UK

Impact on 2009 funding reform

Total spending in 2010 30m; worth just cons before

Types of state party funding

Policy development grant Funding for campaign Short money given to opposition parties

Which report found loans for peerages

Phillips report 2007

Stages in Scottish devolution

Scotland act 1998 Independence referendum 2014 Scotland Act 2016

Stages in Welsh devolution

1979 referendum beaten 1997 narrowly passed -> wales act 1998 Wales Act 2014 gave stamp duty, business rate Wales Act 2016 gave 10% income tax and permanence of assembly

West Lothian question

McKay comission Evel Scotland still voted on tuition Used on housing and planning bill Barnett formula

total number of combined authorit

Parliament Act 1911 1949

1911 banned money bill voting (they banned land tax) Delay only 2 years 1949 one year

3 factors impacting parliament influence over govt

Party discipline Government control over civil service Membership of committee's owned by whip

Examples of breaking cabinet resp

Duncan Smith welfare 2016 Dugdale 1954

Executive dictating policy

Poll tax 1990 Invasion Iraq 2003 Drone strikes Syria 2015

Rate of govt following select committees

44%

Government acting ultra vires

Gina miller Residence test for legal aid 2016

Suffrage groups

Chartists - men over 21 Suffragists - peaceful protest Suffragettes - direct action for female enfranchisement

Private member& petition bills

Abortion act Abolition of death penalty Backbench business committee 2010 Petitions committee 2015

Inability to manage party as leader

Corbyn 28 resignations 2017

Public bill committee

Strengthened; better scrutiny 2007 reform accepts experts evidence

Types of Committees

Select Committee - internal, topical, department Public bill committee HoL committees

Limit of public bill v select committee

Select elected by commons; public bill appointed by whip

1972 joined 1975 referendum Factortame 1990

Evidence Flashcards

(67 cards)