Evidence Of Social Inequalities (20)

Question 1

Female Disadvantage

Workplace (1)

Answer 1

Adkins - Vertical/Horizontal segregation

Question 2

Male Disadvantage

Workplace (2)

Answer 2

Mac an Ghail

Willis

Question 3

Female Disadvantage

Education (3)

Answer 3

Skelton - hidden curriculum influences choices
Kelly - Science classes dominated by boys
Colley - gender roles, preferences and learning environment affect subject choices

Question 4

Male Disadvantage

Education (2)

Answer 4

Willis - fatalistic attitude

Mitsos and Browne - Teachers allow ‘laddish’ behaviour only for boys

Question 5

Female Disadvantage

Crime (1)

Answer 5

Harding - girls don’t become leaders, only ‘fixers’ in gangs

Question 6

Female Advantage/Male Disadvantage

Crime (1)

Answer 6

Pollak- chivalry thesis

Question 7

Female Disadvantage

Media (2)

Answer 7

Billington - media present males as dominant; females as subordinate
Ferguson - women’s magazines focus on ‘cult of femininity’, promoting childcare, looks, marriage etc

Question 8

W.c Disadvantage

Workplace (2)

Answer 8

Rowlingson and Mullineux - Low income = harder to escape debt = mental health issues
Goldthorpe - Higher social mobility post WWII shows more service sector jobs

Question 9

W.c Disadvantage

Education (3)

Answer 9

Willis - fatalistic attitude
Kenway - upper class girls put down state educated girls
Becker - middle class pupils are ‘ideal’

Question 10

Gender statistics

Answer 10

W - Pay gap 13.7% (Fawcett society 2018)
E - 35% STEM scientists are female (STEMwomen 2018)
C - 6% rapes get a conviction (Home Office 2013)
M - 1/5 front page articles are by women (Everyday sexism project 2012)

Question 11

Ethnicity statistics

Answer 11

W - 57% Pakistani/Bangladeshis employed, 77% white
E - 26% Caribbean’s got 5+ in eng/maths, 42% white
C - Blacks 9 1/2x more likely to be searched
All gov.uk 2017/8
M - journalism is 94% white (guardian 2016)

Question 12

Class statistics

Answer 12

W - top 20% earn 60% wealth (inequality briefing 2016)
E - 35% FSE students got 5 GCSEs, 62% non-FSM (DFE 2012)
C - 41% prisoners w.c, but 19% total pop. (Walmsey)
M - 81% W.c use internet, 94% m.c (Mertens + D’Haenens)

Question 13

Age Statistics

Answer 13

W - 1 in 5 old people live below poverty line (N.P.C 2016)
H - 1/5 youths have psychological problems (Bernardos)
C - People 55+ lose 2x more from scams (Age UK 2015)
M - 42% media employees experience ageism, 19% av. elsewhere (Age UK 2015)