Evolution

Question 1

Divergent evolution

Answer 1

Two or more species originate from same species and become increasingly different over time.

Question 2

analogous structures

Answer 2

is a trait or an organ that appears similar in two unrelated organisms (dolphin and shark fin)

Question 3

anatomical homology

Answer 3

similar body structures among different species from a common ancestor

Question 4

convergent evolution

Answer 4

process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Question 5

speciation

Answer 5

formation of new species

Question 6

vestigal structure

Answer 6

a structure that an organism has that is no longer useful to it, but that they have this structure because a common ancestor to that organism found it useful

Question 7

gene pool

Answer 7

is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species.

Question 8

Natural selection

Answer 8

process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest

Question 9

relative allele frequency

Answer 9

number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

Question 10

artificial selection

Answer 10

Humans choosing which organisms to breed.

Question 11

homologous structures

Answer 11

evidence that two species share a common ancestor

Question 12

biodiversity

Answer 12

describes the variation of plant and animal life.

Question 13

habitat

Answer 13

is a place where an organism lives

Question 14

Ecosystem

Answer 14

self-sustaining unit made up of a community of living things interacting with and within a particular habitat

Question 15

species diversity

Answer 15

number of different species within an ecosystem

Question 16

genetic diversity

Answer 16

range of genetic characteristics within a single species, codes for variation in phenotypes

Question 17

structural adaptations

Answer 17

structure of an organisms body

Question 18

behavioural adaptations

Answer 18

change in an organisms behaviour

Question 19

physiological adaptations

Answer 19

internal function of an organism

Question 20

if there is no variation what will happen to the species

Answer 20

it will either die out or survive

Question 21

Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 21

1.variation
overproduction
2.selection pressure
3survival advantage
4.reproduction and inheritance
5. change over time

Question 22

variation of genotypes occurs due to what?

Answer 22

mutation
meiosis (random assortment of chromosomes into gametes)
Crossing over (meiosis)

Question 23

who were the two scientists that first proposed evolution through natural selection

Answer 23

Darwin and wallace

Question 24

what is genetic drift

Answer 24

change in allele frequency

Question 25

adaptive radiation

Answer 25

evolution of many different species from one common ancestor

Question 26

parallel evolution

Answer 26

when two species arise from a common ancestor because their environments are similar develop similar features

Question 27

primates

Answer 27

humans, monkeys, apes, oragutans, chimpanzees

Question 28

ability to walk on two legs is called what

Answer 28

bipedalism

Question 29

allopatric speciation

Answer 29

geographic separation occurs due to a physical barrier that stops species from interbreeding (river)

Question 30

sympatric speciation

Answer 30

speciation occurring when the populations are in the same location

Question 31

humans scientific name is what

Answer 31

homo sapiens

Question 32

what are fossils

Answer 32

records of life preserved in rocks, they show continuous change

Question 33

rosellas

Answer 33

divergent evolution

Question 34

adaptation

Answer 34

is a characteristic of an organism that improves its chance of surviving and reproducing in a particular environment (variations in phenotypes)

Question 35

as the frequency of favourable alleles in the population increase the population will become

Answer 35

better suited to its environment

Question 36

steps of natural selection

Answer 36

``` VSSRC Variation Selection pressure Survival advantage Reproduction Change over time ```

Question 37

how can mutations in genes become beneficial

Answer 37

if the environment changes

Question 38

what defines a separate species

Answer 38

if they cannot reproduce sexually to create fertile offspring

Question 39

how can we see evolutionary lineage of life

Answer 39

by compaaring various structures

Question 40

how are fossils formed

Answer 40

when living things are buried they are decomposed and may be preserved. rocks may form around it and mineral fill the gap.

Question 41

lamarks incorrect laws

Answer 41

the law of use-a characteristic that is used extensively by an organism becomes larger and stronger the law of disuse-those that are not used eventually disappear the law of inheritance of acquired characteristics- an organism could pass these modifications to their offspring

Question 42

common examples where natural selection has been observed

Answer 42

peppered moth-industrial revolution

Question 43

3 steps of allopatric speciation

Answer 43

1. geographic separation 2. natural selection 3. reproductive isolation

Question 44

changes to human skull

Answer 44

environmental conditions were changing rapidly so humans common ancestors were required to do problem solving, so the environment sleeted for those with a bigger brain, they were smarter, could adapt, find shelter and food and reproduce. so they passed on the trait for a bigger brain. the frequency increased now humans have a bigger brain.

Question 45

3 types of structures

Answer 45

homologous (whale flipper and human limb-divergent evolution) analogous (convergent evolution) vestigal

Question 46

where are the oldest and youngest fossils found

Answer 46

oldest at the bottom | youngest at the top

Question 47

did humans evolve from apes

Answer 47

no we share a common ancestor

Question 48

bipedalism

Answer 48

s-shaped spine to be able to walk for longer distances s

Question 49

what is DNA sequencing?

Answer 49

samples of DNA from different organisms, the number of differences tell you how long go we shared a common ancestor