Evolution

Question 1

A group of organisms that share SIMILAR characteristics and CAN REPRODUCE among themselves to produce fertile offspring.

Answer 1

species

Question 2

Many characteristics of a species are inherited when they pass from parent to offspring.

Answer 2

Descent

Question 3

Change in inherited characteristics over time (million years) is called ________

Answer 3

evolution

Question 4

In 1809, he suggested that characteristics or traits, developed during a parent organism’s lifetime are inherited by its offspring.

Answer 4

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 5

The hypothesis that suggested that its offspring inherit characteristics or traits, developed during a parent organism’s lifetime.

Answer 5

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Question 6

Charles Darwin recorded observations about the plants and animals he saw on the South American coast.

Answer 6

December 1831

Question 7

What is the name of the island where Darwin studied the diversity of living things?

Answer 7

Galapagos Island

Question 8

How many species of finches did Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands?

Answer 8

13

Question 9

Proponent of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Answer 9

Charles Darwin

Question 10

Organisms with traits best to their environment are more likely to survive & reproduce.

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

Characteristics na ginagawa ng mga organism para makasurvive.

e.g. giraffes’ long necks

Answer 11

Helpful Variations

Question 12

All of the individuals of a species living in the same area & that can interbreed to produce offspring.

Answer 12

Population

Question 13

An inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species.

Answer 13

Variation

Question 14

What can variation result to?

Answer 14

Permanent changes or mutations in an organism’s genes

Question 15

Any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment.

Answer 15

Adaptation

Question 16

Example of adaptation

Answer 16

Camouflage

Question 17

The model that describes evolution as a slow, ongoing process by which one species changes to a new species.

Answer 17

Gradualism

Question 18

Rapid evolution comes about when the mutation of a few genes results in the appearance of a new species over a relatively short period of time; This model can occur over a few thousand or million years and sometimes even faster.

Answer 18

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 19

The antibiotic penicillin came from _______

Answer 19

Penicillium

Question 20

It is the remains, an imprint, or a trace of a prehistoric organism.

Answer 20

Fossil

Question 21

Where are most fossils found?

Answer 21

Sedimentary Rocks

Question 22

Formed when layers of sand, silt, clay, or mud are compacted & cemented together, or when minerals are deposited from a solution.

Answer 22

Sedimentary Rock

Question 23

Examples of Sedimentary Rock

Answer 23

limestone, sandstone, shale

Question 24

Fossils are found more often in _______ than in any kind of sedimentary rock

Answer 24

limestone

Question 25

What are the 2 basic methods used alone or together to estimate the ages of rocks and fossils?

Answer 25

Relative Dating & Radiometric Dating

Question 26

Based on the idea that in undisturbed areas, younger rock layers are deposited on top of older rock layers; provides only an ESTIMATE of a fossil's age by comparing the ages of rock layers found above & below the fossil layer.

Answer 26

Relative Dating

Question 27

More accurate estimate of the ages of a rock layer by using radioactive elements; Scientists can estimate the age of a rock by comparing the amount of radioactive elements with the amount of nonradioactive elements in the rock; does not always produce exact results because the original amount of radioactive elements in the rock can never be determined for certain.

Answer 27

Radiometric Dating

Question 28

What do most fossils represent?

Answer 28

extinct organisms

Question 29

Study of embryos and their development

Answer 29

embryology

Question 30

earliest growth stage of an organism

Answer 30

embryo

Question 31

Body parts that are similar in origin and structure and can also be similar in function. They often indicate that 2 or more species share common ancestors.

Answer 31

Homologous Structures

Question 32

Structures that don't seem to have a function (e.g. human appendix)

Answer 32

Vestigial Structures

Question 33

Molecule that controls heredity and directs the development of every organism; found in genes that make up the chromosomes

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

Humans, monkeys, and apes belong to the group of mammals known as the ______; all _______ have opposable thumbs, binocular vision, and flexible shoulders that allow arms to rotate

Answer 34

Primates

Question 35

Primates are divided into 2 groups

Answer 35

strepsirhines & haplorhines

Question 36

Includes lemurs & tarsiers

Answer 36

Strepshirhines

Question 37

Includes monkeys, apes, and humans

Answer 37

Haplorhines

Question 38

human-like primates that eat both meat and plants, and walked upright on 2 legs; they share the same characteristics with gorillas, orangutans, and chimpanzees but a larger brain separated them from the apes

Answer 38

hominids

Question 39

One of the oldest hominids discovered

Answer 39

Australopithecus

Question 40

An almost-complete skeleton of Australopithecus was found in Northern Africa in 1974. This hominid fossil was called ____ & had a small brain but is though to have walked upright.

Answer 40

Lucy

Question 41

A hominid fossil that was more like present-day humans than Australopithecus

Answer 41

Homo Habilis

Question 42

The hominid was named Homo Habilis meaning "____ ___" because simple stone tools were found near him.

Answer 42

hand man

Question 43

What is the estimated age of Homo Habilis?

Answer 43

1.5 to 2 million years old

Question 44

Based upon many fossil comparisons, scientists have suggested that Homo Habilis gave rise to another species called ____ _______, about 1.6 million years ago. This hominid has a larger brain than Homo Habilis and was known to have traveled from Africa to Southeast Asia, China, & possibly Europe.

Answer 44

Homo Erectus

Question 45

Thought to be ancestors of humans because they had larger brains & more humanlike features than Australopithecus

Answer 45

Homo Habilis & Homo Erectus

Question 46

Homo Sapiens evolved _________

Answer 46

400,000 years ago

Question 47

By about 125,000 years ago, 2 early human groups probably lived at the same time in parts of Africa and Europe

Answer 47

Neanderthals & Cro-Magnon humans

Question 48

Short, heavy bodies with thick bones, small chins, and heavy brow ridges; family groups lived in caves and used well-made stone tools to hunt large animals; probably are not direct ancestors of modern humans, but represent a side branch of human evolution

Answer 48

Neanderthals

Question 49

Neanderthals disappeared from the fossil record about ______

Answer 49

30,000 years ago

Question 50

Standing about 1.6 m to 1.7 m tall, their physical appearance was almost the same as that of modern humans; they lived in caves, made stone carvings, and buried their dead

Answer 50

Cro-Magnon Humans

Question 51

Cro-Magnon fossils have been found in ______, ____, and ________ and date from about 10,000 to about 40,000 years in age

Answer 51

Europe, Asia, and Australia

Question 52

Where was the oldest recorded art of Cro-Magnon humans being found painted bison, horses, and people carrying spears?

Answer 52

walls of caves in France