evolution Flashcards
(33 cards)
human’s scientific name
genus homo
species sapiens
sub species sapiens
kingdom animalia
family homonidae
men and modern apes
common ancestor - homonids
divergence of homonids
gibbon 10 million yrs ago
orangutan 8
ancestors of gorilla and chimpanzee 4
humans 2.3
ancient human fossils
fossils of ramapithecus, sivapithecus and australopithecus
ancient human fossils originated from
common ancestor - dryopithecus or proconsul
cranial capacities of ancient human fossils
ramapithecus 500-600 cc
australopithecus 420-550 cc
humans 1400 cc
highest cranial capacity homonid
homo neanderthalensis
modern human ancestors
homo habilis- 2 mil yrs ago, 700cc ; used tools for hunting and defense
homo erectus:
1.java man: 900cc; prominent chin absent, eyebrow ridges present above the eye, might have constructed and used tools, learned to light fire
2.peking man: similar to java man
neanderthal man: resembled modern man, 1450 cc; capable of communicating, labor division, religion, culture; used animal hides/skin for clothing, made use of fire, tradition to bury dead bodies with ceremonies
cro-magnon man- most similar to modern man called homo sapiens, 1660 cc, facials like modern man, experts in making tools, lived in caves of europe, left printings of animals, but didn’t know about agriculture, socializing and domestication, AKA early european modern humans
modern man year, directions they went
homo sapiens sapiens- 10 mil yrs ago, migrated three directions:
east wards: changed to present day’s mongoloids in china and siberia
west wards: white race of europe, SW asia and north africa
south wards: present days negroid race of India, south Africa and Malaysia
major theories of origin of life
special creation th
cosmogenic th (th of panspermia)
spontaneous generation th (abigenesis)
biogenesis th
biochemical origin (oparin’s th)
special th: first man and woman
hindu: manu and shatapura/sraddha
ch: adam and eve
cosmogenic th
life from other planets from meteorites in form of small pores called panspermia
abiogenesis th
living beings originated spontaneously from inanimate (non living) things
ex: frogs, toad, snake from mud
microorganisms from air or water
flies, parasites from sweet, manure
biogenesis th and exp to prove it
opposes abiogenesis th
life from pre-existing living beings
exp: 1. redi’s exp: fly maggots not from meat
2. spallanzani exp: hay infusion boiled to kill microbes, kept in airtight vs corked tubes, microorganisms found in corked tubes only
3. pasteur’s exp: hay inf boiled in swan necked tubes, kept closed no microor, kept open yes microor
biochem origin of life
life from non living inorganic compounds of primitive oceans
chemogeny
synthesis of simple organic molecules: primitive atm had co2, nitrogen from which formed methane, ammonia, water vapour, hydrogen; hydrocarbons, carbonyl comp, carb, amino and fatty acids, purines, pyrimidines, nucleotides all formed
All chem rxn presumed to take place in hot sea water rich in prim. org comp so aka hot dilute soup/ primordial soup/ pre-biotic soup
biogeny
formation of nucleic acids then co-acervates from which came anaerobic heterotrophs/ protocells/ first cells called protobionts which gave eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
cognogeny
diversification of protozoa/primitive animal like protists , metazoa (multicellular animals), metaphyta (multicelullar plants) which due shortage of food became saprophytic, parasitic, photosynthetic
miller - urey exp
support oparin’s th
water boiled to give vapour in water chanmber while gas chamber had H, ch4, nh3, electric charge provided
result: due to lightning, primitve comp. formed amino acids and other org. comp.
define evolution, types
slow progressive change resulting in complexity from simple lower organisms, taken place since million yrs ago
org evolution: gradual change of simple lower living beings to complex higher
inorg evo: simple non living to complex non living
patterns of org evo
divergent evo / adaptive radiation: one ancestral species to varieties adapting to diff env
convergent / adaptive convergence: diff species adapt similarly due to similar env
progressive: simple forms to specialized forms ex: amphibians from fish like ancestors, birds and mammals from reptile like
retrogressive: special to simple form ex: flying to flightless birds, monocots from complex herbaceous group
parallel: independent species acquire similar characters while evolving at same tine in same ecospace ex: burrowing by mole and marsupial mole, gliding by flying squirrel and sugar glider
marsupial
mammals whose babies are born incompletely developed and are carried in pouch
analogous organs
similar functions diff origins
ex; wings of butterfly, birds, bats
homologous organs
similar origin diff functions
ex: forelimbs of whale, bat, horse, man
