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Science Year 10 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution

A

any change in the heritage traits within a population across generations or any change in living organisms over a long period of time

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2
Q

What are the two theories of evolution?

A

Lamarck’s theory and Darwin’s theory

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3
Q

Lamarck’s theory of evolution

A

Species traits developed overtime to suit their environment

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4
Q

Epigenome

A

a second set of instructions interacting with DNA that activate or suppress the expression of particular genes

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5
Q

Evidence of evolution

A

comparative anatomy

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6
Q

Evidence of evolution

A

transitional fossils

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7
Q

Evidence of evolution

A

evidence from biochemistry and DNA analysis

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8
Q

Evidence of evolution

A

biogeography

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9
Q

Evidence of evolution

A

comparative embryology

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10
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

The similarities and differences of body structures that show that limbs have adapted to suit environments

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11
Q

Transitional fossils

A

Fossils and organisms that show the in between state between an ancestral form and its descendants.

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12
Q

Evidence from biochemistry and DNA analysis

A

The proof of animals sharing genetic DNA codes by testing them to see how each animal is closely related to one another.

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13
Q

Biogeography

A

The distributions of animals that make a distinctive pattern around the world. Proves evidence by each region has its own unique plants and animals.

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14
Q

Comparative embryology

A

All vertebrate embryos are similar during early development and proves the theory of natural selection since all vertebrates are the same but have developed to suit their environment.

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15
Q

The two types of fossils

A

Body fossils and trace fossils

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16
Q

What are body fossils?

A

part of the organism (bones and teeth)

17
Q

What are trace fossils?

A

the activity of an organism (foot prints, eggs and burrows)

18
Q

Fossil

A

the remains of prehistoric organisms that tell us how things have changed over time

19
Q

Where are fossils usually found?

A

Sedimentary rocks

20
Q

The conditions for a fossil to form

A

The dead organism needs to be buried quickly (covered with sediment).
The dead organism must not decay.
The dead organism must lie undisturbed.

21
Q

Law of superposition

A

the rock at the bottom is older than the rock on the top

22
Q

What does the law of superposition determine?

A

used to determine the age of fossils and how long the fossil has been there

23
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

living things change over time due to natural selection

24
Q

Natural selection

A

the process where species adapt and change to suit their environment to increase their rate of survival

25
Q

survival of the fittest

A

the most fittest and strongest in their environment will win and those who cannot adapt to their environment will die (better adapted)

26
Q

Evidence of Darwin’s theory

A

The evolution of giraffes - the short necked giraffes died and the long neck giraffes survived and reproduced

27
Q

Evidence of Darwin’s theory

A

Evolution of Galapagos Finches - the finches evolved from one finch depending on what food they ate, the finches who couldn’t adapt died

28
Q

Artificial selection

A

the controlled breeding of a species to encourage certain traits over others

29
Q

Example of artificial selection

A

breeding cattle, dogs, cow’s being selectively bred for increased milk production and weimaraners being bred to get rid of their original tan markings

30
Q

Artificial selection issues

A

Animal testing which can lead to health issues

31
Q

Natural Selection and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

A

Antibiotics kill the bad bacteria and the good bacteria, the antibiotic resistant bacteria can now grow and take over and spreads their antibiotic resistance to others

32
Q

Coevolution

A

mutual evolutionary influence between two species which causes them to evolve together (predator and prey)

33
Q

Convergent evolution

A

species that share traits not due to a common ancestor, occurs when different organisms that live in similar environments become more alike in appearance and behaviour

34
Q

Divergent evolution

A

species evolves independently and uniquely from a common ancestor

35
Q

Homologous structures

A

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

36
Q

Analogous structures

A

similar functions but not similar structures which do not come from a common ancestor, due to living in the same environment

37
Q

Vestigal structures

A

have no apparent function and appear to be leftover parts from a past ancestor (useless body parts)

38
Q

Mutations

A

changes in the genetic sequence, and they are a main cause of diversity among organisms

Science Year 10 (6 decks)

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