evolution

Question 1

the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Answer 1

evolution, or change over time

Question 2

who was charles darwin

Answer 2

a naturalist, and founder of evolutionary theory

Question 3

During his travels he made numerous ___________________ and collected _______________

Answer 3

observations; evidence

Question 4

his most important observations were found in the…

Answer 4

galapagos islands

Question 5

He returned to England in _____ and spent ________ years studying his collections.

Answer 5

1836; 22

Question 6

he found ______________________________________ in a Brazilian forest.

Answer 6

68 different species of beetles

Question 7

He was puzzled by why a grassland in _________ and a grassland in __________ would have very different animals living in them.

Answer 7

Australia, Argentina

Question 8

No rabbits in _____________________ and no Kangaroos in ______________________.

Answer 8

Australia; Argentina

Question 9

He collected _______________ some of which resembled living organisms

Answer 9

fossils

Question 10

some that looked like organisms __________________________________________________________________.

Answer 10

he had never seen

Question 11

he envisioned

Answer 11

struggles for food and space, escape from predators, need for shelter among species of the world

Question 12

Darwin noticed the _______________ islands were close together but had very different ____________

Answer 12

Galapagos; plants and animals

Question 13

He wondered if animals living on different islands had all come from a ___________ ______________

Answer 13

common ancestor

Question 14

He was very fascinated by the land _______________ and marine _____________.

Answer 14

tortoises; iguanas

Question 15

He also collected many ground ______________ and noticed they all had different ________________.

Answer 15

finches; beaks

Question 16

He wondered if animals living on different islands had once been members of the same _____________________.

Answer 16

species

Question 17

Darwin was influenced by great _________ of the time that were challenging views about the ____________ world.

Answer 17

thinking; natural

Question 18

1785

Answer 18

hutton

Question 19

1798

Answer 19

malthus

Question 20

1809

Answer 20

lamarck

Question 21

1831

Answer 21

darwins voyage

Question 22

1833

Answer 22

lyell

Question 23

1858

Answer 23

wallace

Question 24

1859

Answer 24

origin of species published

Question 25

Earth is shaped by __________ ___________ that took place over long periods of time.

Answer 25

geological forces

Question 26

Who estimated Earth to be _____________________ of years old, not thousands of years old.

Answer 26

Hutton 1785; millions

Question 27

The human population is growing faster than the space and food needed to sustain it. The only thing preventing growth was __________, ___________, and _________________. Who created this?

Answer 27

war, famine, disease Malthus 1798

Question 28

Organisms could acquire traits as a result of experience or behavior. What theory is this by who?

Answer 28

the theory of use and disuse. Lamarck 1809

Question 29

The crab uses the claw as defense. What would happen after use?

Answer 29

Eventually the claw would grow from use and be passed to the offspring.

Question 30

Geological _______________ occurring now have shaped Earth’s geological __________ over long periods of time. Who thought of this?

Answer 30

processes; features. Lyell1833

Question 31

whats an example of Geological processes occurring now have shaped Earth’s geological features over long periods of time.

Answer 31

volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 32

who wrote to his friend Darwin speculating on evolution by natural selection based on his studies of plants and animals.

Answer 32

wallace 1858

Question 33

There were the same ideas Darwin had been mulling over for _________________________.

Answer 33

25 years

Question 34

Darwin published ____________________

Answer 34

the origin of species

Question 35

proposed evolution had been taking place for millions of years spurred on by natural selection.

Answer 35

origin of species

Question 36

He argued that _____________________ mattered and we as humans select that variation through breeding

Answer 36

variation

Question 37

He called the thought that that variation mattered and we as humans select that variation through breeding ____________________________.

Answer 37

artificial selection

Question 38

the theory that All species descended from a few original types of life and have changed due to natural selection.

Answer 38

descent with modification

Question 39

All species were derived from a

Answer 39

common ancestor

Question 40

the theory that Populations adapt to their environment as the proportion of favorable genes increases.

Answer 40

modification by natural selection

Question 41

the Comparison of old fossils to new fossils, like uncompleted jigsaw puzzles (record still incomplete)

Answer 41

the fossil record

Question 42

The finches from the Galapagos lived on specific islands based on beak shape and a finch from the mainland was different from the island finches

Answer 42

geographic distribution of living species

Question 43

Different forms of bones that developed from the same embryonic tissue.

Answer 43

homologous structures

Question 44

Vestigial Organs can be traces of _________________ ____________

Answer 44

homologous structures

Question 45

The embryonic stage of many animals with backbones are similar and produce the same tissues and organs of all vertebrates.

Answer 45

embryology

Question 46

2 examples of structural adaptations

Answer 46

thorns on rose bushes, spines on sea urchins

Question 47

example of mimicry adaptations

Answer 47

the orchid

Question 48

example of camouflage adaptation

Answer 48

flounder

Question 49

physiological

Answer 49

change in metabolic processes

Question 50

2 examples of physiological adaptations

Answer 50

penicillin and insects to insecticides

Question 51

A gene pool consists of all the genes, including all the different __________________________, that are present in a population.

Answer 51

alleles

Question 52

is the number of times that allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles for the same gene occurs

Answer 52

relative frequency

Question 53

Evolution is ____________________________________ in a population.

Answer 53

any change in the frequency of alleles

Question 54

Genetic variation is studied in populations, which is a group of individuals of the _____________ ____________________________ interbreeding.

Answer 54

same species

Question 55

2 sources of variation are:

Answer 55

mutations and gene shuffling through meiosis and sexual reproduction

Question 56

Natural Selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes in any of 3 ways

Answer 56

stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection

Question 57

stabilizing selection

Answer 57

favors average individuals

Question 58

directional selection

Answer 58

extreme forms are favored

Question 59

disruptive selection

Answer 59

eliminates intermediate forms

Question 60

example of stabilizing

Answer 60

body size of lizards

Question 61

example of directional

Answer 61

anteater tongues

Question 62

example of disruptive

Answer 62

limpet shell color

Question 63

example of sexual

Answer 63

peacock plumage

Question 64

Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to

Answer 64

become common in a population

Question 65

this is called

Answer 65

genetic drift

Question 66

A migration of a small subgroup of a population is known as the

Answer 66

founder effect

Question 67

The 5 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium from generation to generation are:

Answer 67

random mating large population size no movement into or out of the population no mutations no natural selection

Question 68

is the process of new species evolving from older ones

Answer 68

speciation

Question 69

As new species evolve, populations become

Answer 69

reproductively isolated from each other

Question 70

3 types of reproductive isolation:

Answer 70

behavioral, geographic, temporal

Question 71

2 populations can interbreed but have differences in courtship rituals

Answer 71

behavioral

Question 72

2 populations are separated by geographic barriers like rivers or mountains

Answer 72

geographic

Question 73

2 species produce at different times

Answer 73

temporal

Question 74

99% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct meaning the species no longer exists

Answer 74

extinction

Question 75

a single species has evolved through natural selection into diverse forms that live in different ways and different habitats

Answer 75

adaptive radiation

Question 76

2 species evolve in response to changes in each other over time (plants and insects)

Answer 76

Coevolution

Question 77

unrelated organisms come to resemble one another (shark and porpoises)

Answer 77

convergent evolution

Question 78

long, stable, periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.

Answer 78

punctuated equilibrium