Evolution

Question 1

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 1

When a single species diversifies as a response to it’s environment (can be due to opportunity or challenge), the species evolves into multiple new species

Question 2

Analogous Structure

Answer 2

Structures in different species that serve the same function but evolved separately

Question 3

Artificial Selection

Answer 3

Selective breeding of organisms by humans for desired traits

Question 4

Biogeography

Answer 4

The study of the geographic distribution of organisms

Question 5

Bottlenecking

Answer 5

A drastic decline in the population of an organism due to environmental activity

Question 6

Coevolution

Answer 6

Mutual evolution of species brought about by their interactions between each other (ex: flowers and bees)

Question 7

Convergent Evolution

Answer 7

Independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environments

Question 8

Directional Selection

Answer 8

When a specifics phenotype is favored over another and their is an increase in production of said phenotype

Question 9

Disruptive Selection

Answer 9

Favors both phenotypes (one or the other) causing there to not really be an average (ex: a society with only super tall people and super short people)

Question 10

Emigration

Answer 10

Leaving one’s country to live in another

Question 11

Endemic

Answer 11

Native/Restricted to a certain area

Question 12

Evolutionary fitness

Answer 12

The ability for an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment

Question 13

Faunal Succession

Answer 13

A process that determines when an organism was present in a particular area

Question 14

Fossils

Answer 14

Persevered remains/traces of an ancient organism

Question 15

Founder Effect

Answer 15

Genetic drift when a species colonizes a new area

Question 16

Gene Flow

Answer 16

Transfer of genetic variety from population to population

Question 17

Gene Pool

Answer 17

The total collection of genes within a population

Question 18

Genetic Drift

Answer 18

Change in allele occurrence due to random chance

Question 19

Gradualism

Answer 19

The theory that evolution occurs slowly and gradually

Question 20

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 20

Allele frequency will remain constant from generation to generation unless acted upon by outside influences

Question 21

Heterozygous Advantage

Answer 21

Heterozygotes have greater reproductive success than homozygotes

Question 22

Homology

Answer 22

Similarity in characteristics due to shared ancestry

Question 23

Immigration

Answer 23

Permanently moving into an area from which a species is not native to

Question 24

Mutation

Answer 24

Change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Question 25

Neutral Variation

Answer 25

Genetic variation that is neither positive or negative

Question 26

Outcrop

Answer 26

Exposure of either bedrock or ancient deposits

Question 27

Paleontology

Answer 27

The study of prehistoric life through fossils

Question 28

Phylogeny

Answer 28

The evolutionary history of a species

Question 29

Polyploidy

Answer 29

The possession of more than two sets of chromosomes

Question 30

Post Zygotic Barriers

Answer 30

Barriers to reproduction that occurs after fertilization (ex: incapability to survive embryonic stages)

Question 31

Pre Zygotic Barrier

Answer 31

Barriers to reproduction before fertilization (ex: preferences of habitats causing two species to not interact)

Question 32

Punctuated Equilibirum

Answer 32

A theory of evolution that organisms undergo little evolutionary changes for most of their existence with brief rapid changes

Question 33

Random Mating

Answer 33

Mating without regard to genetic makeup

Question 34

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 34

The inability of members of a population to breed with members of another population

Question 35

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 35

Rock formed from sediment that has been deposited and undergone considerable pressure

Question 36

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 36

Physical differences between males and females

Question 37

Sexual Selection

Answer 37

Natural selection arising through one sex preferring certain characteristics of Individuals of another sex

Question 38

Species

Answer 38

A group of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring

Question 39

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 39

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants opposed to phenotypic extremes (ex: medium height people instead of either short or tall)

Question 40

Strata

Answer 40

Layers of rock

Question 41

Superposition

Answer 41

Each layer of rock is younger than the one beneath it

Question 42

Superposition

Answer 42

Each layer of sedimentary rock is younger than the one below and older than the one above

Question 43

Survival of the Fittest

Answer 43

Best adapted organism will survive and reproduce

Question 44

Origin of Species

Answer 44

A book written by Darwin that introduced natural selection

Question 45

Uniformitarianism

Answer 45

The same geologic principles that were present in the past are present today

Question 46

Vestigial Structure

Answer 46

A useless structure in an organism (ex: human tailbone)