Evolution

Question 1

evolution definition

Answer 1

process when different organisms develop and diversify from each other to adapt to their environments

Question 2

MRSA

Answer 2

Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: resistance against staph infection treatments, genetically different

Question 3

Bajau People

Answer 3

adapted to have bigger spleens for more oxygenated blood to hold breath for longer

Question 4

Andes People

Answer 4

take shorter breaths because they have less hemoglobin in their blood to adapt to thinner air

Question 5

Himalayan People

Answer 5

have broader arteries so they take faster breaths to combat thin air

Question 6

James Hutton

Answer 6

deep time, forces beneath earth were mountains, that were then shaped by erosion

Question 7

Charles Lyell

Answer 7

geological processes shape Earth over time, and are still happening

Question 8

Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s hypothesis

Answer 8

• Use and disuse
• Inheritance of acquired traits
• Tendency toward perfection

Question 9

Use and disuse

Answer 9

Organisms can alter their organs to benefit themselves in new environments

Question 10

Inheritance of acquired traits

Answer 10

Organisms can acquire the use of an organ in their lifetime that will be passed down

Question 11

Tendency toward perfection

Answer 11

Organisms are constantly developing features to live in environments successfully

Question 12

other pieces of evidence supporting evolution

Answer 12

• Fossil Records
• Homo/analogous body structures
• Embryonic development
• genetics/ molecular biology
• biogeography

Question 13

Homologous Structures

Answer 13

same basic anatomical structures showing up in different but related species

Question 14

Analogous Structures

Answer 14

body parts serving similar use, but different structure, not related

Question 15

embryonic development

Answer 15

embryos of distantly related species with similar features during early development

Question 16

genetics/ molecular biology

Answer 16

genetic changes can be documented over time

Question 17

biogeography

Answer 17

distantly related species/ non-related species showing different and same adaptations based on area

Question 18

convergent evolution

Answer 18

organisms that aren’t closely related showing similar adaptations based on environment

Question 19

divergent evolution

Answer 19

closely related organisms differing from each other due to different environments

Question 20

3 different reproductive isolations

Answer 20

• Temporal
• Behavioral
• Geographical

Question 21

Temporal

Answer 21

mating at different times

Question 22

Behavioral

Answer 22

different reproductive practices

Question 23

Geographical

Answer 23

Geographical barrier separating two species

Question 24

Darwin’s Finches 5 steps

Answer 24

• founders arrive
• geographic isolation
• change in gene pool
• reproductive isolation
• competition

Question 25

gene pool

Answer 25

all the genes and alleles in a population

Question 26

single gene traits and examples

Answer 26

when a single gene codes for a trait ex: eye color

Question 27

polygenic gene traits and examples

Answer 27

when two or more genes code for a trait ex: skin color

Question 28

3 sources of genetic variation

Answer 28

mutations, genetic recombination, lateral gene transfer

Question 29

mutations, example

Answer 29

heritable changes in the DNA sequence, sickle cell disease

Question 30

genetic recombination, example

Answer 30

crossing over process where genes recombine, Prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 31

lateral gene transfer, example

Answer 31

genes passing from organism to another, not through reproduction, fungi to aphids