Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio chap 4 > evolution 🙄 > Flashcards

evolution 🙄 Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how old is earth

A

about 4.6 billion years old(byo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe early earth

A

very hot and no free oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

about 4.4 years ago earth

A

-cooled and water condensed causing rainstorms
-rain filled depressions on the surface causing oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

scientists propose life began to originate in the oceans how many years ago

A

3.4-3.9 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prokaryotes evolved

A

around 3.5 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

eukaryotes evolved

A

around 1.5 billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LUCA

A

last universal common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

14 billion years

A

age of universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4.5 billion years

A

age of earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3.5 billion years

A

oldest known life in earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

544 million years

A

explosion of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

65 million years

A

dinosaur extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1.5 million years

A

first homo sapiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fossil

A

preserved evidence of an organism that lived long ago
serve as clues to the past, made up of sedimentary rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do paleontologist do?

A

Study fossils to understand events that happened in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

types of fossils

A

preserved
Trace-not an organism
Cast-copy of an organism
Mold-impression
Petrified-mineral replace organism
Carbon film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

things scientist learn from fossils

A

size
Locomotion
What they ate
Climate
Geography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

relative dating

A

Age of fossil is determined by the layer of rock it is found in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Law of supersition

A

Oldest layers on bottom younger layers on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radiometric dating

A

exact age of a fossil determined through radioactive isotopes(carbon dating)(absolute dating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

all living things absorb

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

radioactive carbon-14=

A

an isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isotope

A

different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when plant/animal dies you stop absorbing carbon but what you have absorbed continues to decay

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Pangaea
existed 250, million years ago two smaller pieces called Gondwanaland and laurasia. These broke into modern continents.
26
evidence of geologic activity
fern fossil on Antarctica Matching fossils (South America, and Africa) Matching continental shapes Matching mountain chains Earthquakes Plate collisions Mid Atlantic Ridge separating
27
spontaneous generation
Early idea that nonliving material can produce life
28
Who disproved spontaneous generation of large organisms with an experiment
francesco redi
29
Who disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
louis pasteur
30
What did redi and pasteurs experiments prove
biogenesis
31
Biogenesis
Idea that living organisms only come from living organisms
32
what two events must have occurred for life to begin
simple organic molecules formed formed complex organic molecules
33
Half-life
The time required for half of the radioactive carbon atoms in the sample to decay
34
radiometric dating uses the decay of radioactive isotopes
To measure the age of a rock
35
Geological time scale
calendar of earths history based on evidence from rocks and fossils
36
four major eras
1-precambrian 2-Paleozoic 3-mesozoic 4-cenozoic
37
what era did continental drift occur
mesozoic
38
Plate tectonics
plates are floating on molten layers and move
39
Continental drift
Continents are moving over time
40
protocell
large ordered structure enclosed by a membrane that carries life activities primordial soup theory
41
origin of life in order
simple organic molecules, complex organic molecules, protocells, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (first cells were prokaryotic then photosynthesizing eukaryotic cells)
42
evolution pf eukaryotic cell
monomer(simple organic molecule) polymer(complex organic molecule) protein dna protocell prokaryotes (heterotrophs) autotroph prokaryotes endosymbiosis eukaryotic cell multi cellular
43
photosynthesizing prokaryotes
cyanobacteria found in rocks 3.5 billion yrs ago cyanobacteria produced enough oxygen to support formation of ozone layer
44
oxygen
o2
45
ozone layer
o3
46
endosymbiant theory
prokaryotes got into eukaryotes and became mutualistic then developed organelles ex- chloroplast and mitochondria have their own unique dna
47
what was darwins role on the HMS beagle
naturalist and companion of the captain
48
darwin collected
biological and geological specimens
49
on the galapagos islands darwin collected what animal
mocking birds and finches
50
what did darwin notice about the animals
each island had different variations of the same organism
51
what theory did darwin develop in thr galapagos islands
natural selection
52
hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes and ancestral species
True
53
inferred that if natural selection was a thing so could artificial selection
False other way around
54
what did Darwin publish by means of natural selection in 1859?
On the origin of species
55
Evolution
The gradual change in a species overtime
56
natural selection
organisms best equipped for environment will survive organisms not equipped will die
57
artificsl selection
selective breeding
58
principle 1 of natural selection
-individuals in a population show variations
59
principle 2 of natural selection
variations can be limited
60
principle 3 of natural selection
organisms have more offspring that can survive on available resources
61
principle 4 of natural selection
variations that increase reproductive success will have greater chance of being passed on to
62
what do the 4 principles of natural selection lead to
populations change over time
63
evolution and natural selection are synonymous
false
64
Theory of evolution
States all organisms on earth are related. I’ll share a common ancestor.
65
6 things that prove evolution
fossils, anatomy, embryology, bio chemistry,geographic distribution,adaptations
66
what do fossils do
Record of early life Ancestors of whales were dog sized land. Animals record is incomplete.
67
Homologous structures
Different functions same structure
68
analogous structures
Same function, different structure
69
vestigial structures
Body part that has no function today, but probably did in ancestor
70
Embryo
earliest stage of growth and development Similarities for all = tail and gill slits
71
biochemistry
Comparison of DNA, RNA, and proteins three types of domains, archaea bacteria and eukarya
72
geographic distribution
distribution of plants and animals that Darwin saw first suggested evolution
73
adaptations
only adaptation that helps an organisms chance of survival
74
structural adaptations
can take millions of years mimicry and camouflage
75
physiological adaptations
takes shorter time changes in organisms metabolic processes ex-resistant bacteria
76
consequences of adaptations
helplessness of babies being born to early heads gotta fit
77
population
All members of a species that live in the same area
78
gene
A sequence of DNA that codes for protein and determines a trait, parent offspring
79
gene pool
All alleles – which are variations of a gene – of population genes
80
genetic equilibrium
Populations are not changing or evolving
81
Alleles
form of a gene; often as letters that represent a trait or gene
82
changes in gene pool
Mutations, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection
83
Mutation
Occur by chance or by radiation and chemicals
84
genetic drift
When alleles are changed by random events in an isolated population
85
types of genetic drift
bottleneck effect-population severely decreases natural disasters

bio chap 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions