Evolution

Question 1

Catastrophism

Answer 1

Earth’s features developed suddenly to due violent and short lived events

Question 2

Uniformitarianism

Answer 2

Dis by HUtton and Lyle. Whatever formed the earth in the past are ongoing

Question 3

Theory of evolution

Answer 3

Characteristics of species change from generation to generations

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

What organism is best for survival out of all organisms for a specific environment

Question 5

Key Idea 1: Variation within species

Answer 5

• Members within a species vary one another in important ways.
• Example: Height of giraffe, thickness of fin…

Question 6

Key Idea 2: The struggle for existence

Answer 6

High birth rates and shortage of life’s basic resources causes competition among and within species.

Question 7

Key Idea 3: The inheritance of traits

Answer 7

Characteristics exhibited by one parent are passed down to the next generation

Question 8

Survival of the fittest

Answer 8

The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is fitness

Question 9

Adaption

Answer 9

Characteristics that improve the chance of survival (inherited characteristics)

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment

Question 11

Descent with modification

Answer 11

All species have descended with changes over time from other species

Question 12

Variation

Answer 12

Different combinations of alleles that create variation

Question 13

Mutation

Answer 13

a permanent change in genetic material of an organism and is the only source of new genetic variation (Happens during crossing over)

Question 14

Selective advantage

Answer 14

a genetic advantage that improves an organisms’ chances of survival, usually in a changing environment

Question 15

Adaptation

Answer 15

a process that helps a living thing survive and produce in a certain environment

Question 16

Structural Adaptation

Answer 16

physical features that help with survival

Question 17

Behavioral Adaptation

Answer 17

things organism do to survive

examples: bird calls, migration, raising offspring, herd behaviour

Question 18

Physiological Adaptation

Answer 18

changes or chemical reactions that occur within an organism

(things that happen in the inside)

• Example: hibernation, being poisonous or venomous bite are some examples

Question 19

Development

Answer 19

Environmental conditions: Determines if variation is positive negative or neutral

Positive: survival & reproductive success
Negative: Challenges that limit survival
Neutral: Nothing happens

Question 20

Evidence from the Fossil Record

Answer 20

Found in sedimentary rocks which shows the remaining of past life (bones)
Fossil Record: every fossil found on earth
Fossils in young layers are more closer to modern animals

Question 21

Evidence from Anatomy

Answer 21

The study of anatomy provides evidence of evolution, as similarities in body structure point to a common ancestor

Question 22

Homologous Structures

Answer 22

structures are similar in structure but different in function

Question 23

Analogous Structures

Answer 23

structures are similar in function but differ in structure (does not show common ancestry)

Question 24

Vestigial Structures

Answer 24

remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor, but no longer serve a purpose

Question 25

Evidence from Embryology

Answer 25

The study of early, pre-birth stages of an organism’s development Similarities in the embryos of fish, birds, and mammals provide evidence of evolution of species from a common ancestor

Question 26

Evidence from Biogeography

Answer 26

The study of past and present geographical distribution of organisms - Areas that are geographically close are populated by related species - Animals found on islands often closely resemble animals found on the closest continent - Fossils of same species found on coastlines of neighbouring continents

Question 27

Evidence from DNA

Answer 27

Closely related organisms will have similar DNA, RNA and protein sequences.

Question 28

Species Extinction

Answer 28

- George Cuvier - Species can and gone extinct (found as fossils)

Question 29

Acquired characteristics

Answer 29

- Jean Baptiste Lamarck Creatures adapt to their environments by altering their bodies for offspring

Question 30

The struggle for existence

Answer 30

There will be self-restraint or external factors which limit the population

Question 31

Selective pressure

Answer 31

environmental factors/changes that are not good for organisms

Question 32

Camouflage

Answer 32

species blend to environment

Question 33

Mimicry

Answer 33

mimics other organisms in order to survive