evolution

Question 1

define evolution:

Answer 1

evolution is the change, over successive generations, in the proportion of individuals differing by one or more inherited traits

Question 2

define genetic drift:

Answer 2

the random change in how frequently a particular allele occurs within a small population

Question 3

what is a random process?

Answer 3

genetic drift

Question 4

what are non-random processes?

Answer 4

sexual selection and natural selection

Question 5

why are sexual and natural selection non-random?

Answer 5

they confer a selective advantage

Question 6

what is fitness?

Answer 6

an indication of an individuals ability to be successful at reproducing

Question 7

absolute fitness:

Answer 7

frequency of particular genotype after selection/frequency of particular genotype before selection

Question 8

relative fitness:

Answer 8

number of surviving offspring per individuals of particular genotype/ number of surviving offspring per individual of the most successful genotype

Question 9

co-evolution

Answer 9

where a change in the traits of one species acts as a selection pressure on another species with which it frequently interacts

Question 10

mutualism

Answer 10

a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit (+/+)

Question 11

symbiosis

Answer 11

is co-evolved intimate relationships between members of two different species

Question 12

commensalism

Answer 12

a symbiotic relationship where one of the species benefits and the other neither benefits nor suffers

Question 13

parasite

Answer 13

an organism which gains food and shelter at the expense of the host