Evolution

Question 1

Phylogenetic or evolutionary

Answer 1

Share a common ancestor and a unique evolutionary history

Question 2

Ecological

Answer 2

Share a specific niche, unique to them and them alone

Question 3

What is a species?

Answer 3

A species can interbreed with each other

Question 4

How are species created?

Answer 4

Populations become isolated so there’s no gene flow between them. Isolated populations evolve independently

Question 5

Allopatric speciation

Answer 5

Geographic separation

Question 6

Biological evolution

Answer 6

The change in a population’s genetic makeup over generations

Question 7

Natural selection occurs when there is….

Answer 7

Variation, inheritance, and competition

Question 8

Differential reproductive success

Answer 8

Some segments of the population have more offspring on average than others

Question 9

Temporal isolation

Answer 9

Species that breed during different times of day, different seasons, or different years

Question 10

Geographic isolation

Answer 10

Species occur in different areas

Question 11

Behavioral isolation

Answer 11

Unique behavioral patterns and rituals isolate species
•Identifies member of species
• attract mates if same species

Question 12

Gametic isolation

Answer 12

Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species

Question 13

Variation

Answer 13

No one is identical

Question 14

Phenotypic variation

Answer 14

Variation in expressed traits

Question 15

Inheritance

Answer 15

The variation/s in question must have a genotypic basis

Question 16

Competition

Answer 16

Competing for resources. All organisms must reproduce as much as possible

Question 17

Differential reproductive success

Answer 17

Someone is going to have more kids than others

Question 18

Natural selection is not….

Answer 18

random

Question 19

Morphological or typological

Answer 19

They conform to the same body plan

Question 20

Natural selection

Answer 20

Traits that improve survival and reproductive success

Question 21

Genetic drift

Answer 21

Frequency of traits can change in a population due to chance events

Question 22

Coevolution

Answer 22

Two or more species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

A localized group of interbreeding individuals

Question 24

Gene pool

Answer 24

The collection of alleles in the population

Question 25

Allele frequency

Answer 25

How common is that allele in the population

Question 26

Non-evolving population when:

Answer 26

* very large population (no genetic drift) * no migration (no gene flow in or out) * no mutation (no genetic change) * random mating (no sexual selection) * no natural selection (everyone is equally fit)

Question 27

p=

Answer 27

Frequency of dominant allele

Question 28

q=

Answer 28

Frequency of recessive allele

Question 29

p^2

Answer 29

Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals

Question 30

q^2

Answer 30

Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

Question 31

2pq

Answer 31

Frequency of heterozygous individuals

Question 32

Mechanical isolation

Answer 32

Morphological differences can prevent successful mating

Question 33

Reduced hybrid viability

Answer 33

Genes of difference parent species may interact and impair the hybrid's development

Question 34

Reduced hybrid fertility

Answer 34

Even if hybrids are vigorous they may be sterile

Question 35

Gradualism

Answer 35

Most speciation is gradual, consistent divergence over long spans of time

Question 36

Hybrid breakdown

Answer 36

Hybrids may be fertile and viable in first generation but when they mate offspring are feeble or sterile

Question 37

Punctuation equilibrium

Answer 37

Most speciation occurs in sparse bursts

Question 38

Adaptive radiation

Answer 38

Ecological and phenotypic diversity in a rapidly multiplying lineage

Question 39

Morphology

Answer 39

Body form

Question 40

Homologous structures produce...

Answer 40

Divergent evolution

Question 41

Analogous structures

Answer 41

Separate evolution of structures

Question 42

Analogous structures are produced by...

Answer 42

Convergent evolution or parallel evolution

Question 43

Convergent evolution

Answer 43

Two separate, asynchronous evolutionary lineages develop a similar trait/solution

Question 44

Parallel evolution

Answer 44

Like convergent evolution but the two species evolve at the same time and/or in the same ecospace

Question 45

Vestigial structures

Answer 45

Modern structures that have reduced to no function

Question 46

Molecular evidence

Answer 46

Evidence from genes and proteins

Question 47

Highly conserved

Answer 47

Similar or identical

Question 48

Locus

Answer 48

Genome location

Question 49

Evo-devo

Answer 49

Modern organisms have many ancient genes still in place that can be used to study the ancestral form

Question 50

Paraphyletic

Answer 50

Includes the ancestor bt not all of its descendants

Question 51

Polyphyletic

Answer 51

Includes some species that do not share the ancestor in question

Question 52

Cladistics

Answer 52

Groups organisms by common descent

Question 53

Clade

Answer 53

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and it's descendants

Question 54

Mono phyletic

Answer 54

Include all descendent species and no non-descendants

Question 55

Radio dating

Answer 55

Dating from other fossils or dating from rocks

Question 56

Abiogenesis

Answer 56

How life got started in the first place

Question 57

RNA world model

Answer 57

RNA can self copy

Question 58

Ribozymes

Answer 58

Self-catalyzing RNA