Evolution

Question 1

how old is earth

Answer 1

4.6 billion years

Question 2

what are the four eras?

Answer 2

Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 3

what life form lived in precambrian

Answer 3

protozoa

Question 4

what lifeforms live in the Paleozoic era?

Answer 4

sea creatures; fish, crabs, etc.

Question 5

what life form lived in the mesozoic era

Answer 5

reptiles (dinosaurs)

Question 6

what lifeform lived in the cenozoic era

Answer 6

mammals

Question 7

first life on earth was

Answer 7

unicellular prokaryotic

Question 8

what event allowed oxygen breathing organisms to develop

Answer 8

photosynthetic bacteria

Question 9

what are the two types of fossil dating

Answer 9

relative and absolute dating

Question 10

what does relative dating determine

Answer 10

determines the order of formation of remains using strategic methods

*qualitative method of data

Question 11

what does absolute dating determine

Answer 11

the age of remains using radio metric methods

*quantitative data

Question 12

what period did the first reptiles show up?

Answer 12

Jurassic

Question 13

when did the Cenozoic era start

Answer 13

63 mya

Question 14

what lifeforms would you expect to see in the Ordovician

Answer 14

Sea creatures. fish, crabs.

Question 15

why did lamarck’s theory not work

Answer 15

because of genetics. Genes cannot be affected by the outside world. Developed traits are not passed on to offspring. (i.e. Selena Williams baby will not automatically be good at tennis)

Question 16

how did lamarck and darwin agree

Answer 16

• Life changes gradually overtime
• living things change to adapt and survive
• Life evolved from simpler organisms to more complex organisms

Question 17

how did lamarck differ from darwin

Answer 17

Lamarck’s theory included
•Use and disuse
• transmission of acquired characteristics
•NO EXTINCTION

Question 18

How did darwin differ from lamarck

Answer 18

Darwin's theory included:
•Variation 
•Inheritance
•Extinction
•Differential survival

Question 19

did darwin or lamarck believe in extinction

Answer 19

Darwin

Question 20

what are the steps to darwin’s theory

Answer 20

1) all organisms produce more offspring than can actually survive
2) every organism face of a constant struggle to survive
3) The individuals of a given species vary
4) The individuals that are best adapted to the environment survive
5) The organisms that survive pass their traits onto their offspring
6) The population will become better fit for the environment

Question 21

what is the difference between divergent and convergent evolution?

Answer 21

The difference between convergent and divergent evolution is that in convergent evolution, non-related organisms can obtain similar traits because they live in similar environments while divergent is when related organisms evolve different traits even in the same environment

Question 22

what kind of evolution does the following example show: Fish who live in dark places do not use their eye sight as much as other senses. Over time, their eyes start to degenerate until they are no longer needed.

Answer 22

gradualism

Question 23

what kind of evolution is the following example: barnacles coming to rocks and wave pools. Many birds and other animals eat barnacles. Barnacles that blend in with the rocks will survive in repopulate so that the new population is all rock colored.

Answer 23

punctuated equilibrium

Question 24

how long ago did life evolve on earth?

Answer 24

2.1 bya

Question 25

what kind of living things were first to evolve?

Answer 25

eukaryotes

Question 26

how did photosynthesis change the environment and allow for diversity of living things?

Answer 26

photosynthesis allowed for oxygen to be created also allowing the creation of the ozone layer

Question 27

what are the two types of dating fossils

Answer 27

relative and absolute

Question 28

what was Darwins theory called

Answer 28

Darwins theory of evolution

Question 29

define overproduction

Answer 29

overproduction is when organisms produce more offspring than the area can sustain

Question 30

define genetic variation

Answer 30

when organisms have different characteristic traits due to genetic a variances. when crossing over of DNA occurs this is genetic variation

Question 31

what is adaptation

Answer 31

when an organism gradually changes a trade to better survive in their environment

Question 32

what is competition

Answer 32

when organisms must struggle to survive in the fight over all limited resources

Question 33

define survival of the fittest

Answer 33

only the organisms with traits best fit for the environment will survive to pass the traits onto their offspring

Question 34

what are homologous structures

Answer 34

structures in different species that are similar in look and function

Question 35

what is an example of homologous structure

Answer 35

The similar bone structure and bats mace birds and crocodiles

Question 36

how are homologous structures evidence for evolution

Answer 36

homologous structures evolves from a similar ancestor

Question 37

what are analogous structures

Answer 37

structures that are not built the same but have similar function

Question 38

what is an example of analogous structures

Answer 38

The Fillmore a long times honey possums and butterflies have to serve the same purpose

Question 39

how are analogous structures evidence for evolution

Answer 39

analogous structures show unrelated organisms evolve similar structures from a similar environment

Question 40

what are vestigial structures

Answer 40

structures that no longer have a function

Question 41

what is an example of a vestigial structure

Answer 41

A human appendix

Question 42

how are vestigial structures evidence for evolution

Answer 42

organisms change over time and traits are no longer required to survive

Question 43

what are fossils

Answer 43

remains of a dead organism that fossilize as the rock around it solidifies

Question 44

how are fossils evidence for evolution

Answer 44

they show how species change over time as well as habitat diet and function

Question 45

what is embryology

Answer 45

The study of embryos developmental structure

Question 46

how is embryology evidence for evolution

Answer 46

it shows the longer they resemble one another the more they are related

Question 47

how are DNA and amino acids used as evidence for evolution

Answer 47

do you know and amino acids are used as evidence for evolution by being compared in two different organisms. The more they share the more closely they are related

Question 48

what does a cladogram tell you

Answer 48

The relationships of different species overtime

Question 49

what evidence for evolution explains how humans chimpanzees whales and bats all have the same bone in their arms fins or wings

Answer 49

homologous structures

Question 50

what evidence for evolution explains how scientists find fossilized bones of a huge animal that does not exist today

Answer 50

fossil record

Question 51

what evidence of evolution explains how the human gene for your muscle protein is different from monkey muscle protein in four places and different from a chickens gene in 25 places

Answer 51

DNA and protein analysis

Question 52

what evidence for evolution explains how honey possums like nectar from flowers using a long tongue made of soft muscle. Butterflies lick nectar from flowers using a long tongue made of hard protein

Answer 52

analogous structures

Question 53

what evidence for evolution explains why harmless king snakes look like poisonous coral snakes to avoid being eaten

Answer 53

mimicry

Question 54

what evidence for evolution explains why many vertebrate embryos look more similar than their adult versions

Answer 54

embryology

Question 55

what evidence for evolution explains why humans rabbits and see all have an appendix an extra piece in their digestive system although in humans and is much smaller not really used

Answer 55

vestigial structures

Question 56

do homologous structures show convergent or divergent evolution

Answer 56

divergent evolution

Question 57

do analogous structures show convergent or divergent evolution

Answer 57

convergent evolution

Question 58

what is a good way to explain the human ape connection

Answer 58

we had a common ancestor. Our connection is also our similar homologous structures of our bone

Question 59

what does the law of included fragments state?

Answer 59

Rock that is included into the rock is older than the rock

Question 60

what does Mulroy's law of contact metamorphism state?

Answer 60

as the molten rock comes up it is going to bake some of the rock that is there

Question 61

does a normal fault have a hanging wall above or below the footwall

Answer 61

below

Question 62

what is radioactive decay

Answer 62

radioactive isotopes decay into different elements as they emit radiation

Question 63

what is a half life

Answer 63

The time it takes for half of a given quantity of a radioactive isotope to decay into another isotope

Question 64

what is radiometric dating

Answer 64

A method of determining the ages of fossils are using radioactive isotopes

Question 65

what is the earliest era

Answer 65

precambrian era

Question 66

what is the second earliest era

Answer 66

The Paleozoic era

Question 67

what is the second most recent era

Answer 67

The meso zoic era

Question 68

what is the most recent era

Answer 68

The cenozoic era

Question 69

Jean-Baptistery Lamarck

Answer 69

thought that traits an organism used got stronger, watch traits that were not disappeared

Question 70

Charles Darwin

Answer 70

worked as a naturalist on the HMS beagle sailed around the world collecting specimens to study and return to Europe

Question 71

what are some examples of limited resources organisms must fight over

Answer 71

food, water, space to live, and mates

Question 72

reproduction

Answer 72

organisms that survive long enough get the chance to pass on their traits to the next generation

Question 73

speciation

Answer 73

eventually, species may change so much that they can no longer meet with the original species. This would then be considered a new species

Question 74

antibiotic resistantance

Answer 74

overpopulation leads to competition controlling numbers

Question 75

gradualism

Answer 75

organisms evolve slowly over time

Question 76

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 76

Quick changes in the environment cause sudden changes in speciation *StephenJay Gould

Question 77

``` selective breeding (artificial selection) ```

Answer 77

humans have selected traits they preferred and crops and livestock's. This can lead to speciation

Question 78

camouflage

Answer 78

traits that help an organism blend into their surroundings. The better an organism blends, the more likely it will survive to reproduce

Question 79

mimicry

Answer 79

One species organism looking similar to another. The more one looks like the other, the more likely it will survive to reproduce