Evolution

Question 1

Design and Purpose

“Scala naturae” from simple to complex organism

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

Catastrophism

History of living organisms is recorded on layers of rocks containing fossils

Answer 2

George Cuvier

Question 3

Fossils do not resemble modern organisms from previous era

Extinct vs. Extant

Answer 3

Charles Bonnet

Question 4

“Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics”

A vital force drives organisms towards more complexity (environment)

Answer 4

Jean De Lamarck

Question 5

Natural Selection
Selective Pressure
Variation in traits

Answer 5

Charles Darwin

Question 6

Studied flora and fauna of Malaysia and Indonesia

Answer 6

Alfred Wallace

Question 7

Organisms are descended with changes from common ancestors

Answer 7

Descendant with modification

Question 8

Increased survival and reproduction of individuals better adapted to the environment

Answer 8

Natural Selection

Question 9

Species produce more offspring than those that will/can survive

Answer 9

Overproduction

Question 10

Individual organism share different traits and more favorable traits means higher chance of survival

Answer 10

Variation

Question 11

Struggle for survival

Answer 11

Competition for limited resources

Question 12

Organisms with the greatest combination of favorable traits lives and produce offspring

Answer 12

Survival for reproduction

Question 13

Hybridization and interbreeding

Answer 13

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 14

Count Buffon

Answer 14

Georges-Louis Leclerc

Question 15

All life had developed from a single source

Answer 15

Erasmus Darwin

Question 16

Actualism - contrast catastrophism

Answer 16

James Hutton

Question 17

Uniformitarianism

Answer 17

Sir Charles Lyell

Question 18

process where new species are formes

Answer 18

speciation

Question 19

process where species that do not have adaptive traits no longer exist

Answer 19

extinction

Question 20

preserved remains of an organism

Answer 20

Fossils

Question 21

body parts trapped in sediments without being completely decomposing

Answer 21

Compression

Question 22

All organic material is vaporized; heat and pressure is great

Answer 22

Impression

Question 23

minerals like silica replaced the original tissues of the body

Answer 23

Petrification

Question 24

formed by hardening of materials surrounding the buried organism followed by decay

Answer 24

Molds and cast

Question 25

markings in soft mud and later hardened

Answer 25

footprints or trails

Question 26

study of distribution of life forms revealed that organism evolve in one locale and spread to other areas

Answer 26

biogeoraphy

Question 27

organism that have anatomical similarities when they are closely related because of common descendants

Answer 27

comparative anatomy

Question 28

similarity in structures due to common acestors

Answer 28

Homologous

Question 29

similarity in function of organs in different organisms

Answer 29

Analogous

Question 30

stage where all vertebrates embryos are virtually identical to each other

Answer 30

Phylotypic stage

Question 31

structure that is common to all vertebrates during the phylotypic stage

Answer 31

pharyngeal pouches

Question 32

Speciation: there is reproductive isolation

Answer 32

Divergent

Question 33

Speciation: due to parallel selection

Answer 33

Convergent

Question 34

Speciation: one specie gradually changes and becomes a new specie

Answer 34

phyletic

Question 35

slow but steady small changes in population leading to a new specie

Answer 35

Gradualism

Question 36

long period of no change interrupted by short rapid change in population due to sudden change in climate

Answer 36

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 37

Speciation: species rapidly diverge into many species

Answer 37

Adaptive radiation

Question 38

selective breeding of crops and animals

Answer 38

Artificial selection

Question 39

process by which an ancestral species gives rise to diverse descendants

Answer 39

Divergent evolution

Question 40

2/3 distinct species occupy similar habitat and develop similar traits

Answer 40

Convergent and Parallel evolution

Question 41

genetic change in one organism inresponse to general change in another organism

Answer 41

Coevolution

Question 42

Species population is low, less imminent extinction

Answer 42

Threatened Phase of Extinction

Question 43

number of species are severely reduced

Answer 43

Endangered Phase of Extinction

Question 44

end of lineage

Answer 44

Extinct Phase of Extinction