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Biology 22 > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Design and Purpose

“Scala naturae” from simple to complex organism

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Catastrophism

History of living organisms is recorded on layers of rocks containing fossils

A

George Cuvier

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3
Q

Fossils do not resemble modern organisms from previous era

Extinct vs. Extant

A

Charles Bonnet

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4
Q

“Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics”

A vital force drives organisms towards more complexity (environment)

A

Jean De Lamarck

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5
Q

Natural Selection
Selective Pressure
Variation in traits

A

Charles Darwin

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6
Q

Studied flora and fauna of Malaysia and Indonesia

A

Alfred Wallace

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7
Q

Organisms are descended with changes from common ancestors

A

Descendant with modification

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8
Q

Increased survival and reproduction of individuals better adapted to the environment

A

Natural Selection

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9
Q

Species produce more offspring than those that will/can survive

A

Overproduction

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10
Q

Individual organism share different traits and more favorable traits means higher chance of survival

A

Variation

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11
Q

Struggle for survival

A

Competition for limited resources

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12
Q

Organisms with the greatest combination of favorable traits lives and produce offspring

A

Survival for reproduction

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13
Q

Hybridization and interbreeding

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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14
Q

Count Buffon

A

Georges-Louis Leclerc

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15
Q

All life had developed from a single source

A

Erasmus Darwin

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16
Q

Actualism - contrast catastrophism

A

James Hutton

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17
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

Sir Charles Lyell

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18
Q

process where new species are formes

A

speciation

19
Q

process where species that do not have adaptive traits no longer exist

A

extinction

20
Q

preserved remains of an organism

A

Fossils

21
Q

body parts trapped in sediments without being completely decomposing

A

Compression

22
Q

All organic material is vaporized; heat and pressure is great

A

Impression

23
Q

minerals like silica replaced the original tissues of the body

A

Petrification

24
Q

formed by hardening of materials surrounding the buried organism followed by decay

A

Molds and cast

25
Q

markings in soft mud and later hardened

A

footprints or trails

26
Q

study of distribution of life forms revealed that organism evolve in one locale and spread to other areas

A

biogeoraphy

27
Q

organism that have anatomical similarities when they are closely related because of common descendants

A

comparative anatomy

28
Q

similarity in structures due to common acestors

A

Homologous

29
Q

similarity in function of organs in different organisms

A

Analogous

30
Q

stage where all vertebrates embryos are virtually identical to each other

A

Phylotypic stage

31
Q

structure that is common to all vertebrates during the phylotypic stage

A

pharyngeal pouches

32
Q

Speciation: there is reproductive isolation

A

Divergent

33
Q

Speciation: due to parallel selection

A

Convergent

34
Q

Speciation: one specie gradually changes and becomes a new specie

A

phyletic

35
Q

slow but steady small changes in population leading to a new specie

A

Gradualism

36
Q

long period of no change interrupted by short rapid change in population due to sudden change in climate

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

37
Q

Speciation: species rapidly diverge into many species

A

Adaptive radiation

38
Q

selective breeding of crops and animals

A

Artificial selection

39
Q

process by which an ancestral species gives rise to diverse descendants

A

Divergent evolution

40
Q

2/3 distinct species occupy similar habitat and develop similar traits

A

Convergent and Parallel evolution

41
Q

genetic change in one organism inresponse to general change in another organism

A

Coevolution

42
Q

Species population is low, less imminent extinction

A

Threatened Phase of Extinction

43
Q

number of species are severely reduced

A

Endangered Phase of Extinction

44
Q

end of lineage

A

Extinct Phase of Extinction

Biology 22 (1 decks)

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