Evolution Chap 18

Question 1

Formation of the Earth Precambrian Time

Answer 1

4.6 bya

Question 2

First evidence of life

Answer 2

3.8 bya

Question 3

First eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

1.8 bya

Question 4

Cambrian Radiation of Animals – Paleozoic Era

Answer 4

540 mya

Question 5

First dinosaurs Mesozoic Era

Answer 5

240 mya

Question 6

extinction of the dinosaurs Cenozoic Era

Answer 6

65 mya

Question 7

evolution of Homo sapiens

Answer 7

200,000 years ago

Question 8

leclerc

Answer 8

posited evidence of evolution before Darwin

Question 9

Linnaeus

Answer 9

physician and botanist that came up with binomial nomenclature

Question 10

curvier

Answer 10

created paleontology and accepted fixity of species and an organisms extinction

Question 11

Hutton and Lyell

Answer 11

prominent geologists and came up with the idea that rates of change vary

Question 12

Malthus

Answer 12

wrote an essay on principle of population

Question 13

Lamark

Answer 13

inheritance of acquired traits

Question 14

Darwin

Answer 14

observed that the earth was older than thought and that with enough time, species would modify

Question 15

Wallace

Answer 15

similar theory to Darwin

Question 16

Darwins observations

Answer 16

geographic distribution of organisms can influence changes in animals

Question 17

Lamark’s therory (inheritance of acquired traits)

Answer 17

giraffe’s lengthened necks and passed it onto subsequent generations

Question 18

Darwins theory

Answer 18

descent with modification (giraffe population was variable)

Question 19

basis of natural selection

Answer 19

1. organisms exhibit heritable variation
2. organisms compete for resources
3. individuals vary w/ repro success
4. organisms may adapt w/enviroment change

Question 20

how does competition affect natural selection

Answer 20

limited resources available so population increases as resources decline and individuals die

Question 21

how does fitness affect natural selection

Answer 21

more fit means they can spread more genes

Question 22

how is adaptation related to natural selection?

Answer 22

it is a result of natural selection

Question 23

what is a transitional species

Answer 23

shows traits between species, often the ‘missing link’

Question 24

homologous structures

Answer 24

anatomically similar structures that are inherited from a common ancestor

Question 25

analogus structures

Answer 25

anatomically similar structures that originated independently

Question 26

vestigial structures

Answer 26

important for anscestor and remain in derived species

Question 27

evolution is just a theory

Answer 27

false: it is a principle of biology

Question 28

individuals in a population evolve

Answer 28

false: evolution is a result from changes in genetic composition over generations

Question 29

evolution is a theory tied to origin of life

Answer 29

derived to explain how life changed once it was here

Question 30

transitional fossils remain unknown

Answer 30

false: well known to scientists because fossilization is rare

Question 31

organisms evolve on purpose

Answer 31

false: the adaptive trait already exists in a population, natural selection just acts

Question 32

random chance alone guides evolution

Answer 32

false: is only part of evolution of complex traits through time

Question 33

evolution is not testable

Answer 33

false: genetics and DNA technology has provided robust evidence

Question 34

humans evolved directly from apes

Answer 34

Homo sapiens share an ancestor with modern apes

Question 35

definition of biological species

Answer 35

a group of populations that are the same kind of organism that may naturally interbreed and produce viable offspring and do not interbreed with other kinds

Question 36

limitations of a biological species

Answer 36

limited to reproduction definition: does not apply to asexual reproducers and hybrids may routinely occur naturally

Question 37

allopatric speciation

Answer 37

geographic isolation leads to different species (two species from one)

Question 38

sympatric speciation

Answer 38

two new species result within the same area due to gene flow

Question 39

polyploidy

Answer 39

>2 chromosome copies, more common in plants

Question 40

autopolyploid

Answer 40

cell division error, isolated from 2N plants, yields a new species

Question 41

allopolyploid