evolution chapter 7 terms

Question 1

adaptation

Answer 1

a structure, behaviour, physiological process that helps organism survive and reproduce in specific environment

Question 2

variation

Answer 2

structural, functional, physiological differences between individuals

Question 3

mutation

Answer 3

permanent changes in genetic material (dna)

Question 4

selective advantage

Answer 4

helps organism to survive changing environmental conditions
ex: daphnia (water flea)

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

describes changes to population caused by environmental pressures and selective advantages

Question 6

selective pressure

Answer 6

a/biotic environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics In individuals, select against characteristics In others
Ex: change in predators

Question 7

artificial selection

Answer 7

describes changes to a population caused by selective breeding by humans
Ex: cats bred for appearance, cows bred to produce more milk or increase muscle consequences of artificial selection

Question 8

biotechnology

Answer 8

use of technology and organisms to produce useful products

Question 9

fitness

Answer 9

measured by number of reproductively viable offspring that an organism produces in next generation

Question 10

monoculture

Answer 10

easier to manage, high risks that environmental change could damage crops

Question 11

mimicry

Answer 11

The resemblance of one species to another species

Question 12

survival of the fittest

Answer 12

organisms that are the fittest survive and leave the most offspring