Evolution of psychology and psychology as a science

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and human behaviour

Question 2

The bio-psychosocial modal

Answer 2

Created by Goerge L. Engel in 1977
looks as biological, social and psychological aspects of human functioning
determines state of mental health

Question 3

What are the 6 psychological perspectives and explain them

Answer 3

1.Psychoanalytical Perspective
2. Behavioral Perspective
3. Humanistic perspective
4. Cognitive Perspective
5. Biological/Neuroscience Perspective
6. Evolutionary Perspective

Question 4

Psychoanalytical Perspective

Answer 4

Sigmud Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler

explains personality, motivation and mental disorders focusing on unconscious determines of behavior

It is influenced by unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood that govern personality and mental disorders

Question 5

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 5

John B. Waston, Ivan Pavlov and B.F Skinner

Concerned with observable behavior
behavior is any observable response by an organism.
Behaviorists believe that the environment influences behavior rather than unconscious motives and drives.

Question 6

Humanistic Theory

Answer 6

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

studies of animals cannot be replicated on humans as we are different

Question 7

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 7

Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky and Herbet Simon

cognitions is the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

The way people think influences how they behave

Question 8

Biological Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 8

James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Biological basis of behaviour in humans

human and animals behavior acn be explained through brain structure and biochemical processes

Question 9

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 9

David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmides, and Johm Tobby

Belives that there is an evolutionary basis of behavior in humans and animals

Question 10

What are the 9 research areas in Psychology and explain them

Answer 10

1. Developmental Psychology
2. Social Psychology
3. Educational Psychology
4. Health Psychology
5. Physiological Psychology
6. Experimental Psychology
7. Cognitive Psychology
8. Psychometrics
9. Personality

Question 11

The scientific Approach of Psychology

Answer 11

Scientific Approach assumes that events are governed by lawful behavior

Question 12

Goals of the Scientific Approach (Give description)

Answer 12

1. Measurement and description
2. Understanding and predicting
3. Application and control

Question 13

Eight steps in a scientific investigation

Answer 13

1. Identify the problem
2. State the rational
3. Develop research question
4. Formulate hypothesis
5. Develop research question
6. Collect data
7. Anallyse the data
8. Report the results

Question 14

Advantages of the scientific Approach

Answer 14

Clarity and precision, Relative intolerance to error

Question 15

Qualitative research ( Understands and interprets interactions)

Answer 15

• smaller sample sizes
• data based on open-ended responses
• results cannot be generialized

Question 16

Quntative research ( tests hypotheses, asses cause and effect relationships and makes predictions)

Answer 16

-Uses larger sample sizes
- Data based on numbers involving statical anallyses
- More objective in nature