Evolution Review

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

Measure of ability to survive and reproduce more

Question 3

Convergent evolution

Answer 3

The independent evolution of similar features in species or different periods in time

Question 4

Divergent evolution

Answer 4

A common ancestor

Question 5

Coevolution

Answer 5

The influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution

Question 6

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 6

A lowering in a population’s gene pool because of an environmental, or human caused change

Question 7

Founder Effect

Answer 7

The reduction of a genotypic variety because a small group removed itself from a larger group

Christopher Columbus

Question 8

Gene pool

Answer 8

All possible alleles in a population

Question 9

Biochemical evidence

Answer 9

Anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography, fossils, and amino acids

Question 10

Speciation

Answer 10

The formation of a new species

Question 11

Genetic Drift

Answer 11

The change in genetic variety in a small population randomly

Question 12

Directional Selection

Answer 12

A shift

Question 13

Stabilizing selection

Answer 13

Skinnier

Question 14

Disruptive Selection

Answer 14

Large fluctuation in genotype frequency
Leads to speciation

Question 15

Heterozygote advantage

Answer 15

When heterozygotes have a higher relative fitness

Question 16

Pre-zygotic barriers

Answer 16

Behavioral, Temporal, Habitat, Mechanical

Question 17

Post-zygotic barriers

Answer 17

Inability to reproduce, weak species, and genetic incompatibility

Question 18

Homologous structures

Answer 18

Physical features that look the same but serve an entirely different purpose

Question 19

Analogous structures

Answer 19

Features that are similar in purpose but not appearance

Question 20

Vestigial structures

Answer 20

Structures that are remnants of something previously useful to a species

Question 21

Geographic isolation

Answer 21

A geographic barrier that separates the species

Question 22

Temporal Isolation

Answer 22

Different mating times

Question 23

Habitat Isolation

Answer 23

Differing habitats

Question 24

Behavioral isolation

Answer 24

Differing behaviors

Question 25

p^2

Answer 25

dominant genotype frequency

Question 26

p

Answer 26

dominant allele frequency

Question 27

q^2

Answer 27

recessive genotype frquency

Question 28

q

Answer 28

recessive allele frequency

Question 29

2 pq

Answer 29

heterozygous genotype frequency

Question 30

Variation

Answer 30

Differences in species 1. Mutations 2. Gene flow 3. Meiosis - Crossing over/independent assortment 4. Random fertilization

Question 31

Charles Linnaeus

Answer 31

Taxonomy- grouping organisms together by traits Binomial nomenclature- two terms to name a species

Question 32

George Cuvier

Answer 32

Paleontology- study of fossils

Question 33

Hutton (James)

Answer 33

Gradualism- change occurs slowly over time

Question 34

Charles Lyell

Answer 34

Uniformitarism- If it happens now, it happened in the past

Question 35

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 35

“First truly cohesive theory of biology” Use/disuse- animals acquire traits after using physical characteristics constantly Acquired inheritance- organism could acquire and pass traits to their kids

Question 36

Thomas Malthus

Answer 36

Principle of population- the population will be kept in check by famine, starvation, and disease

Question 37

Charles Darwin

Answer 37

Natural Selection Fitness The Origins of Species

Question 38

4 Tenements of Natural Selection

Answer 38

1. Overpopulation- more will be born than survive 2. Variations- people in a group are different from one another 3. Adaptions - some variations result in better chances of living 4. Descent/modification- offspring with better genes will make up a majority of the population

Question 39

Who adapts and evolves?

Answer 39

Individuals do not adapt or evolve, populations do.

Question 40

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 40

When no evolution is taking place in a population Mathematical way to determine the frequency of alleles in a population