Evolution/Speciation

Question 0

Phylogeny

Answer 0

A branching tree that gives all life evolutionary history

Question 1

Perpetual change

Answer 1

The living world is not consistent, but is always changing

Question 2

Common descent

Answer 2

All plants and animals have descended from some form into which life was first breathed

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Question 4

Early greek ideas

Answer 4

Recognized fossils of evidence for former life which was destroyed by some natural catastrophe
Ancient greeks failed to establish an evolutionary concept before the rise of christianity

Question 5

Buffon beliefs

Answer 5

Stressed environmental influences on modifications of animal type, extended earths age 70k

Question 6

Darwin & Wallace

Answer 6

First to establish evolution as a powerful scientific theory

Question 7

Lamrack, acquired characteristics

Answer 7

French biologist
Organisms, by striving to meet demands of their environments, acquire adaptations and pass them by heredity to their offspring

Question 8

Fossil formation

Answer 8

Sedimentary rock

Deposited in stratified layers

Question 9

Relative vs. absolute aging

Answer 9

Relative age allows scientists to know whether something is older or younger than something else, while absolute age means that scientists know the exact number in years that have passed since the object was created

Question 10

Variation

Answer 10

BIOLOGY

the occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct color or form.

Question 11

Adaptation

Answer 11

a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 12

Heritability

Answer 12

the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait (as height) that can be attributed to inherited genetic factors in contrast to environmental ones

Question 13

Overproduction

Answer 13

Having lots of babies in hopes that one will survive

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

Organism accumulates favorable characteristics over long periods of time

Question 15

Darwin Observation #1

Answer 15

Organisms have great potential fertility

Question 16

Darwin Observation #2

Answer 16

Natural populations normally remain constant in size, except for minor fluctuations

Question 17

Observation #3

Answer 17

Natural resources are limited

Question 18

Observation #4

Answer 18

All organisms show variation

Question 19

Observation #5

Answer 19

Variation is heritable

Question 20

Homology

Answer 20

Look the same, diff. Structures

Question 21

Analogous structures

Answer 21

Similar functions but not structures

Question 22

Ontogeny

Answer 22

Development of an organism through its entire life

Question 23

Embryology

Answer 23

Provides evidence of evolution

Question 24

Vestigal structures

Answer 24

they have lost their former function

Question 25

Intrasexual

Answer 25

Males compete

Question 26

Intersexual

Answer 26

Males try and attract females

Question 27

Investment in reproduction

Answer 27

Males: not that much they make sperm a lot Females: A LOT

Question 28

Isolation

Answer 28

Can lead to speciation

Question 29

Geographic barriers

Answer 29

Physical barriers divide a population into two or more groups

Question 30

Speciation

Answer 30

Rise of two kr more species from an existing species

Question 31

Reproductive isolation

Answer 31

Members of same species can no longer PHYSICALLY mate with each other Cannot produce offspring Final step in becoming separate species

Question 32

Behavioral isolation

Answer 32

Differences in courtship or mating behaviors

Question 33

Temporal isolation

Answer 33

When timing prevents reproducing between population

Question 34

Evolutionary patterns

Answer 34

Convergent & divergent

Question 35

Convergent evolution

Answer 35

Evolution towards specific traits in unrelated species

Question 36

Divergent evolution

Answer 36

Evolution towards diff. Traits in closely related species

Question 37

Coevolutoon

Answer 37

Two or more species evolve together Evolutionary paths become connected Evolve in response to changes in each other Beneficial or competitive relationships

Question 38

Mass extinction

Answer 38

Large numbers become extinct nearly simultaneously

Question 39

Adaptive radiation

Answer 39

Ancestral species diversifies into many descendent species

Question 40

Gradualism

Answer 40

Accumulations lf many small changes over long periods of time

Question 41

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 41

the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.