Evolutionary Biology LEC 1

Question 1

It is the study of Evolutionary Processes such as natural selection, common descent and speciation, that produced the diversity of life on earth

Answer 1

Evolutionary Biology

Question 2

What is one of the fundamental keystone of modern biological theory?

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

True or false: Any life form is a product of evolution

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Living things are products of…

Answer 4

Genes and physiology

Question 5

What are the 4 questions in EvoBio?

Answer 5

What did we come froms?
How did we come to be?
Who/What are we?
Where are we heading?

Question 6

He is Greek who proposed that organisms changes overtime. He also proposed the Cosmogenic theory

Answer 6

Empedocles

Question 7

What is Cosmogenic Theory?

Answer 7

A theory that proposed that organisms are product of 4 elements suitably compounded and are represented by 4 gods and goddesses namely, Earth (Aidoneus), Fire (Zeus), Water (Nestus), and Air (Hera)

Question 8

Who formulated Evolution as Branch of Biology?

Answer 8

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

Question 9

He wrote the Origin of Species and Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Answer 9

Charles Darwin

Question 10

He proposed the Theory of Speciation and Aposematism (Warning Coloration)

Answer 10

Alfred Wallace

Question 11

It is the process by which organisms change overtime as a result of changes in heritable physical/ units of behavioral traits.

Answer 11

Evolution

Question 12

What are the 3 propositions of Darwin?

Answer 12

Species are immutable
Divergent Species share a common descent/ ancestor
Changes in species can be explained by natural selection

Question 13

He was the first who described that living things have common ancestor and related

Answer 13

Erasmus Darwin

Question 14

He proposed that all vertebrates have common ancestor

Answer 14

Moportui

Question 15

What is LUCA?

Answer 15

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 16

What are the fields in science that substantiated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

Answer 16

Paleontology, geology, genetics, biochemistry, and developmental biology

Question 17

What are the 4 Main points of the Theory of Evolution?

Answer 17

Common descent
Theory of Gradualism
Multiplication of Species
Natural Selection

Question 18

It states that all life forms are related by descent from common ancestors. Organisms accumulate changes and grew different from each other

Answer 18

Common Descent

Question 19

It is a process by which ancestral species produce descendant species with new adaptable traits

Answer 19

Speciation

Question 20

What are the proofs of Common Descent?

Answer 20

Homologous and Analogous Features

Question 21

It is having similar origin and comparable structures but different use

Answer 21

Homology (Homologous Structures)

Question 22

Similar evolutionary traits are produced due to similar environmental features (Ex: Cactaceae of America and Euphorbiaceae of Africa)

Answer 22

Analogy (Analogous Structures)

Question 23

What are the two modes of Speciation?

Answer 23

Allopatric and Sympatric

Question 24

Speciation occurs in what type of evolution?

Answer 24

Microevolution

Question 25

What is macroevolution?

Answer 25

Tackles problems and principles of higher taxa (subgenus and above)

Question 26

What is microevolution?

Answer 26

Focuses on problems related to species

Question 27

How does species came from?

Answer 27

When a group of individuals became isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits

Question 28

It is a type of speciation by which the population is separated geographically. (Ex: Finches of Galapagos Islands)

Answer 28

Allopatric

Question 29

What causes of Allopatric Speciation?

Answer 29

Geographical Separation, Natural Selection and Genetic Drift

Question 30

What are the two types of Genetic Drift?

Answer 30

Founder effect and Bottleneck effect

Question 31

What is Sympatric Speciation?

Answer 31

Gene pool is divided without geographical separation

Question 32

What are types of isolating mechanism?

Answer 32

Temporal, Behavioral, Geographical, Mechanical

Question 33

Type of isolation mechanism by mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or time of the day

Answer 33

Temporal Isolation

Question 34

An isolation mechanism in which there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females (Ex: different courtship displays; songs, dances)

Answer 34

Behavioral Isolation

Question 35

Isolation occurs due to different habitat, distance, body of water, mountain and natural disaster (Ex: Thamnophis)

Answer 35

Spatial or Geographic Isolation

Question 36

Structural differences in genetalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

Answer 36

Mechanical Isolation

Question 37

What are post-mating isolation?

Answer 37

Isolation that prevents species from reproducing

Question 38

Give the types of Post-mating Isolations

Answer 38

Zygotic mortality Hybrid unviability Hybrid sterility

Question 39

It is the theory which states that new species arise with slow and gradual changes in the population. An these accumulation of quantitative changes leads to qualitative changes

Answer 39

Theory of Graadualism

Question 40

It is when various reproductive barriers (due to accumulated changes) prevent different members of the population to interbreed. | One species aries, many new daugther species aries.

Answer 40

Multiplication of Species

Question 41

Survival of the fittest

Answer 41

Natural Selection

Question 42

What are the causes of Reproductive Isolation?

Answer 42

Temporal, Behavioral and Geographical