evolve Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Cerebral palsy (CP) may result from a variety of causes. It is now known that the most common cause of CP is
birth asphyxia neonatal diseases cerebral trauma prenatal brain abnormalities
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d
2
Q
The major goal of therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is
reversing degenerative processes that have occurred. curing the underlying defect causing the disorder. preventing spread to individuals in close contact with the children. recognizing the disorder early and promoting optimal development.
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d
3
Q
A 3-year-old has cerebral palsy (CP) and is hospitalized for orthopedic surgery. The child’s mother states the child has difficulty swallowing and cannot hold a utensil to self-feed. The child is slightly underweight for height. What is the most appropriate nursing action related to feeding?
Bottle-feed or tube-feed the child with a specialized formula until sufficient weight is gained. Stabilize the child’s jaw with one hand (either from a front or side position) to facilitate swallowing. Correct Place the child in a well-supported, semireclining position to make use of gravity flow. Place the child in a sitting position with the neck hyperextended to make use of gravity flow.
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4
Q
An 8-year-old has been diagnosed with moderate cerebral palsy (CP). The child recently began participation in a regular classroom for part of the day. The child’s mother asks the school nurse about joining the after-school Scout troop. The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that
most activities such as Scouts cannot be adapted for children with CP. after-school activities usually result in extreme fatigue for children with CP. trying to participate in activities such as Scouts leads to lowered self-esteem in children with CP. after-school activities often provide children with CP with opportunities for socialization and recreation. Correct
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5
Q
A neural tube defect that is not visible externally in the lumbosacral area would be called
meningocele. myelomeningocele. spina bifida cystica. spina bifida occulta. Correct
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6
Q
A woman who is 6 weeks pregnant tells the nurse that she is worried her baby might have spina bifida because of a family history. What should the nurse’s response be based on?
There is no genetic basis for the defect. Prenatal detection is not possible yet. Chromosomal studies done on amniotic fluid can diagnose the defect prenatally. The concentration of α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid can potentially indicate the presence of the defect prenatally. Correct
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7
Q
A 6-year-old child born with a myelomeningocele has a neurogenic bladder. The parents have been performing clean intermittent catheterization. What should the nurse recommend?
Teach the child to do self-catheterization. Correct Teach the child appropriate bladder control. Continue having the parents do the catheterization. Encourage the family to consider urinary diversion.
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8
Q
What most accurately describes bowel function in children born with a myelomeningocele?
Incontinence cannot be prevented. Enemas and laxatives are contraindicated. Some degree of fecal continence can usually be achieved. Correct A colostomy is usually required by the time the child reaches adolescence.
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9
Q
What is important when caring for a child with myelomeningocele in the preoperative stage?
Place the child on one side to decrease pressure on the spinal cord. Apply a heat lamp to facilitate drying and toughening of the sac. Keep the skin clean and dry to prevent irritation from diarrheal stools. Measure the head circumference and examine the fontanels for signs that might indicate developing hydrocephalus. Correct
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10
Q
A child with spina bifida has developed a latex allergy from numerous bladder catheterizations and surgeries. A priority nursing intervention is to
recommend allergy testing. provide a latex-free environment. Correct use only powder-free latex gloves. limit the use of latex products as much as possible.
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11
Q
Which statement best describes pseudohypertrophic (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy (DMD)?
DMD is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. DMD is characterized by weakness of the proximal muscles of both the pelvic and shoulder girdles. DMD is characterized by muscle weakness, usually beginning at about age 3 years. Correct The onset of DMD occurs in later childhood and adolescence
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12
Q
An 8-year-old child is hospitalized with infectious polyneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome). When explaining this disease process to the parents, what should the nurse consider?
Paralysis is progressive, with little hope for recovery. Muscle function will gradually return, and recovery is possible in most children. Correct Guillain-Barré syndrome results from an apparently toxic reaction to certain medications. Guillain-Barré syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive, sex-linked gene.
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13
Q
Which statement is most accurate in describing tetanus?
Acute infectious disease caused by an exotoxin produced by an anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus Correct Inflammatory disease that causes extreme, localized muscle spasm Acute infection that causes meningeal inflammation, resulting in symptoms of generalized muscle spasm Disease affecting the salivary gland with resultant stiffness of the jaw
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14
Q
What is associated with infant botulism?
Contaminated soil Honey and corn syrup Correct Commercial infant cereals Improperly sterilized bottles
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15
Q
A 15 year-old is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with a spinal cord injury. The most appropriate nursing interventions for this adolescent are (select all that apply)
monitoring neurologic status.Correct administering corticosteroids.Correct monitoring for respiratory complications.Correct discussing long-term care issues with the family.Incorrect monitoring and maintaining hemodynamic status.Correct
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16
Q
psychosocial
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erikson
17
Q
cognitive
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piaget
18
Q
moral
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kolhberg
19
Q
sexual
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freud
20
Q
spiritual
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fowler
21
Q
What is a secondary effect when a child experiences decreased muscle strength, tone, and endurance from immobilization?
Increased metabolism Increased venous return Increased cardiac output Decreased exercise tolerance Correct
A
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22
Q
Which measure is important in managing hypercalcemia in a child who is immobilized?
Promote adequate hydration Correct Change position frequently Encourage a diet high in calcium Provide a diet high in protein and calories
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23
Q
he nurse is caring for an immobilized preschool child. What is helpful during this period of immobilization?
Encourage the child to wear pajamas. Let the child have few behavioral limitations. Keep the child away from other immobilized children if possible. Take the child for a "walk" by wagon outside the room. Correct
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24
Q
What is the rationale for elevating an extremity after a soft tissue injury such as a sprained ankle?
Elevation increases the pain threshold. Elevation increases metabolism in the tissues. Elevation produces deep tissue vasodilation. Elevation reduces edema formation. correct
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25
hat is characteristic of fractures in children?
Fractures rarely occur at the growth plate site because it absorbs shock well.
Rapidity of healing is inversely related to the child's age. Correct
Pliable bones of growing children are less porous than those of adults.
The periosteum of a child's bone is thinner, is weaker, and has less osteogenic potential compared with that of the adult.
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26
The callus that develops at a fracture site is important because it provides
use of the injured part.
sufficient support for weight bearing.
means for adequate blood supply.
means for holding bone fragments together. Correct
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27
A 3-year-old has just returned from surgery in a hip spica cast. The priority nursing intervention is to
elevate the head of the bed.
offer sips of water.
check circulation, sensation, and motion of toes. Correct
turn the child to the right side, then the left side every 4 hour
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28
An adolescent has had a lower leg amputation secondary to a motorcycle accident and is complaining of pain in the missing extremity. The nurse should recognize that this is
indicative of narcotic addiction
indicative of the need for psychological counseling
abnormal and suggests nerve damage
normal and called phantom limb sensation Correct
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29
An infant is born with one lower limb deficiency. When is the optimum time for the child to be fitted with a prosthetic device?
As soon as possible after birth
When the infant is developmentally ready to stand up Correct
At about age 12 to 15 months, when most children are walking
At about 4 years, when the healthy limb is not growing so rapidly
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30
Which statement is true concerning osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)?
OI is easily treated.
OI is an inherited disorder. Correct
With a later onset, the disease usually runs a more difficult course.
Braces and exercises are of no therapeutic value.
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31
What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for the child with chronic osteomyelitis?
Provide active range-of-motion exercises of the affected extremity.
Administer pain medication with meals.
Encourage frequent ambulation.
Move and turn the child carefully and gently to minimize pain. Correct
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32
Which statement is the most descriptive of rhabdomyosarcoma?
The most common sites are the head and neck. Correct
It is a common hereditary neoplasm of childhood.
It is the most common bone tumor of childhood.
It is a benign tumor and unusual in children.
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33
What are considered major goals of the therapeutic management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Prevent joint discomfort; regain proper alignment.
Prevent loss of joint function; achieve cure.
Prevent physical deformity; preserve joint function. Correct
Prevent skin breakdown; relieve symptoms.
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34
Therapeutic management of the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) includes
application of cold salts to suppress the inflammatory process.
a high-protein, low-salt diet.
a rigorous exercise regimen to build up muscle strength and endurance.
administration of corticosteroids to control inflammation. Correct
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35
A nurse is caring for an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Based on the nurses knowledge of DDH, which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
LordosisIncorrect
Negative Babinski sign Incorrect
Asymmetric thigh and gluteal folds Correct
Positive Ortolani and Barlow tests Correct
Shortening of limb on affected side Correct
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36
The school nurse is conducting an assessment for pediculosis capitis (head lice) on a group of school-age children. Which describes a child with a positive head check?
Maculopapular lesions behind the ears
White, flaky particles throughout the entire scalp area
Lesions in the scalp extending from the hairline to the neck
White sacs attached to the hair shafts in the occipital area Correct
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37
Which factor promotes wound healing?
Antiseptics
Eschar formation
Dry wound environment
Moist, crust-free wound environment Correct
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38
A toddler has a deep laceration contaminated with dirt and sand. Before suturing, the nurse should irrigate the wound with
alcohol.
normal saline. Correct
hydrogen peroxide.
povidone-iodine.
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39
An occlusive dressing, is applied to a large abrasion. This is advantageous because the dressing will
provide an antiseptic for the wound.
deliver vitamin C to wound.
maintain a moist environment for healing. Correct
promote mechanical friction for healing.
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40
A child is being seen in the emergency department with multiple facial abrasions and lacerations. A combination agent containing lidocaine, adrenaline, and tetracaine (LAT gel) is applied topically to the wounds. The purpose of this combination therapy is to
cleanse the wound.
promote scab formation.
prevent infection of the wound.
provide anesthesia to the wound. Correct
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41
When applying wet compresses or dressings to the skin, what should the nurse do?
Apply the dressing so that the area is totally immobilized.
Apply the dressing when it is saturated and dripping.
Pour or syringe a new solution over a dressing that has become dry.
Apply the desired solution on cotton gauze or soft cotton cloths, such as clean cloths. Correct
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42
What is the most important nursing consideration in the management of cellulitis?
Application of Burow solution compresses
Administration of oral or parenteral antibiotics Correct
Topical application of an antibiotic
Incision and drainage of severe lesions
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43
A nurse should explain that ringworm is
a noncontagious disorder.
a sign of uncleanliness.
expected to resolve spontaneously.
spread by direct and indirect contact. Correct
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44
When giving instructions to a parent whose child has scabies, the school nurse should tell the parent to
treat all family members if symptoms develop.
be prepared for symptoms to last 2 to 3 weeks. Correct
notify the practitioner so an antibiotic can be prescribed.
carefully treat only those areas where there is a rash
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45
What is most descriptive of atopic dermatitis (eczema) in the infant?
Eczema is worse in summer months.
Eczema is worse in humid climates.
Eczema is associated with upper respiratory tract infections.
Eczema is associated with hereditary allergies. Correct
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46
When teaching the adolescent about the management of acne, the nurse should include what instructions?
Clean the face with an antibacterial soap twice each day.
Clean the face gently with a mild soap once or twice each day. Correct
Avoid foods with a high-fat content such as French fries and chocolate.
Express comedones by gentle squeezing; then cleanse with alcohol.
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47
Enteral feedings are ordered for a young child with burns covering 40% of the total body surface area. The nurse should know that
oral feedings are contraindicated.
enteral feedings must be stopped during painful procedures.
paralytic ileus precludes use of enteral feedings. Correct
the feedings will be high in carbohydrate and low in protein.
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48
The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old who sustained major burns when putting charcoal lighter on a campfire. The nurse observes that the child is "very brave" and appears to accept pain with little or no response. What is the most appropriate nursing action related to this?
Request a psychological consultation. Correct
Ask the child why the child does not have pain.
Praise the child for the ability to withstand pain.
Encourage continued bravery as a coping strategy
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49
During the rehabilitative phase of care, pressure dressings are primarily applied to burned areas to
relieve pain.
decrease blood supply to scar. Correct
limit motion during the healing process.
encourage healing through scar formation
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50
Based on the nurse’s knowledge of wounds and wound healing, what are factors that can delay or cause dysfunctional wound healing? (Select all that apply)
```
Overweight Correct
Hypoxemia Incorrect
Hypervolemia Correct
Prolonged infection Incorrect
Corticosteroid therapy Correct
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Poor nutrition without proper protein and calorie intake affects healing more than being overweight itself.
Hypovolemia, not hypervolemia, inhibits wound healing due to low circulating blood volume and oxygenation of tissues.
Corticosteroid therapy or other immunocompromising therapy prevents macrophages from migrating to the site of injury, thus suppressing epithelialization.
Hypoxemia makes tissues more susceptible to infection due to insufficient oxygenation.
Prolonged infection affects the healing process and causes increased scarring.
51
A nurse is caring for an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Based on the nurses knowledge of DDH, which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
LordosisIncorrect
Negative Babinski signIncorrect
Asymmetric thigh and gluteal foldsCorrect
Positive Ortolani and Barlow testsCorrect
Shortening of limb on affected sideCorrect
/
52
What are considered major goals of the therapeutic management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)?
Prevent joint discomfort; regain proper alignment.
Prevent loss of joint function; achieve cure.
Prevent physical deformity; preserve joint function. Correct
Prevent skin breakdown; relieve symptoms.
/
53
The newborn diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) will require long-term follow-up to assess for the development of
obesity.
diabetes insipidus.
respiratory distress.
mental retardation. Correct
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54
A breastfed newborn has just been diagnosed with galactosemia. The therapeutic management for this newborn is to
stop breastfeeding. Correct
add amino acids to the breast milk.
substitute a lactose-containing formula for breast milk.
give the appropriate enzyme along with breast milk.
All milk- and lactose-containing formulas, including breast milk, must be stopped during infancy. Soy protein is the formula of choice for newborns and infants with galactosemia.
Breast milk should not be used in newborns and infants with galactosemia.
The formula used for a newborn and infant with galactosemia cannot contain lactose.
Breast milk should not be used in newborns and infants with galactosemia
55
The nurse is planning care for a child recently diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Which nursing intervention should be planned?
Encourage the child to wear medical identification. Correct
Discuss with the child and family ways to limit fluid intake.
Teach the child and family how to do required urine testing.
Reassure the child and family that diabetes insipidus is usually not a chronic or life-threatening illness.
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56
What is the most important nursing consideration related to congenital hypothyroidism?
Early identification of the disorder Correct
Facilitation of parent–infant attachment
Initiation of referrals for mental retardation
Help for parents in dealing with the child's future prospects
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57
A neonate with a goiter has just been admitted to the newborn nursery. A priority nursing intervention is to
position the neonate on the left side.
explain to the parents how to place the dressing on the goiter.
have a tracheostomy set at bedside. Correct
suction at least every 5 to 10 minutes.
The goiter puts the infant at risk for respiratory failure. Preparations are made for emergency ventilation, including having a tracheostomy set at the bedside.
Placing the neonate in a side-lying position is not indicated. Hyperextension of the child's neck may facilitate breathing.
No dressing is indicated in a neonate who has a goiter.
There is no indication for suctioning in a neonate with goiter.
58
What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic renal disease Correct
Congenital heart disease
Growth hormone deficiency
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59
Which statement best describes Cushing syndrome?
It is caused by excessive production of cortisol. Correct
The major clinical features are exophthalmia and pigmentary changes.
Treatment involves replacement of cortisol.
Diagnosis is suspected with findings of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and polyuria.
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60
Which physiologic alteration is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin?
Type 1 diabetes Correct
Type 2 diabetes
Impaired glucose tolerance
Gestational diabetes
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61
The mother of a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks why her child cannot avoid all those "shots" and take pills as an uncle does. The most appropriate response by the nurse is
"The pills work with an adult pancreas only."
"The drugs affect fat and protein metabolism, not sugar."
"Your child needs to have insulin replaced, and the oral hypoglycemics only add to an existing supply of insulin." Correct
"Perhaps when your child is older, the pancreas will produce its own insulin, and then your child can take oral hypoglycemics."
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62
A school-age child recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse if playing soccer, playing baseball, and swimming are still possible. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that
Exercise is contraindicated in the type 1 diabetic child
Soccer and baseball are too strenuous, but swimming is acceptable
Exercise is not restricted unless indicated by other health conditions Correct
The level of activity depends on the type of insulin required
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63
The nurse should recognize that when a child develops diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), treatment will be instituted as described in which of the following statements?
No treatment is required, because DKA is an expected outcome of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Immediate treatment is required because DKA is a life-threatening situation Correct
DKA is best treated at home
DKA is best treated at a practitioner's office or clinic
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64
During the summer, many children are more physically active. What changes in the management of the child with type 1 diabetes mellitus should be expected as a result of more exercise?
Increased food intake Correct
Decreased food intake
Increased risk of hyperglycemia
Decreased risk of insulin shock
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65
A 17-year-old with type 1 diabetes mellitus tells the school nurse about recently starting to drink alcohol with friends on weekends. The most appropriate intervention by the nurse is to
tell the adolescent not to drink alcohol.
ask the adolescent about the reasons for drinking alcohol.
teach the adolescent about the effects of alcohol on type 1 diabetes mellitus and how to prevent problems associated with alcohol intake. Correct
recommend counseling so that the adolescent understands the serious consequences of alcohol consumption.
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66
The nurse is teaching an adolescent, newly diagnosed with type I diabetes, ways to minimize discomfort with insulin injections. Which interventions are helpful in minimizing injection discomfort? (Select all that apply.)
Do not reuse needlesCorrect
Inject insulin when it is coldIncorrect
Flex or tense the muscle during injectionIncorrect
Remove all bubbles from the syringe prior to injectionCorrect
Do not move the direction of the needle-syringe during insertion or withdrawalCorrect
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67
Which of the following phrases describes a characteristic of most neonatal seizures?
Generalized seizure
Tonic-clonic seizure
Well-organized seizure
Subtle and barely discernible seizure Correct
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68
What is a clinical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants?
Shrill, high-pitched cry Correct
Photophobia
Pulsating anterior fontanel
Vomiting and diarrhea
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69
The nurse is performing a neurologic assessment of a 2-month-old infant after a car accident. Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal reflexes are present. The nurse should recognize that these reflexes suggest
neurologic health Correct
severe brain damage
decorticate posturing
decerebrate posturing
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70
The temperature of an unconscious adolescent is 105º F (40.5º C). The priority nursing intervention is to
continue to monitor temperature.
initiate a pain assessment.
apply a hypothermia blanket. Correct
administer aspirin stat.
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71
The nurse is caring for a comatose child with multiple injuries. The nurse should recognize that pain
cannot occur if the child is comatose.
may occur if the child regains consciousness.
requires astute nursing assessment and management. Correct
is best assessed by family members who are familiar with the child.
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72
The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who is unconscious but stable after a car accident. The child’s parents are staying at the bedside most of the time. What is an appropriate nursing intervention?
Suggest that the parents go home until the child is alert enough to know they are present.
Use ointment on the lips but do not attempt to cleanse the teeth until swallowing returns.
Encourage the parents to hold, talk to, and sing to the child as they usually would. Correct
Position the child with proper body alignment and the head of the bed lowered 15 degrees.
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73
The nurse is instructing a group of parents about head injuries in children. The nurse should explain that infants are particularly vulnerable to acceleration–deceleration head injuries because the
anterior fontanel is not yet closed.
nervous tissue is not well developed.
scalp of head has extensive vascularity.
musculoskeletal support of head is insufficient. Correct
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74
The nurse is caring for a toddler who has had surgery for a brain tumor. During an assessment, the nurse notes that the child is becoming irritable and the pupils are unequal and sluggish. The most appropriate nursing action is to
notify the practitioner immediately. Correct
assess for level of consciousness (LOC).
observe closely for signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
administer pain medication and assess for response.
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75
The postoperative care of a preschool child who has had a brain tumor removed should include
recording of colorless drainage as normal on the nurse's notes.
close supervision of the child while he or she is regaining consciousness. Correct
positioning the child on the right side in the Trendelenburg position.
no administration of analgesics.
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76
The nurse is planning care for a school-age child with bacterial meningitis. Which nursing intervention should be included?
Keep environmental stimuli to a minimum. Correct
Avoid giving pain medications that could dull the sensorium.
Measure the head circumference to assess developing complications.
Have the child move the head side to side at least every 2 hours.
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77
A young child is having a seizure that has lasted 35 minutes. There is a loss of consciousness. Based on the nurse’s knowledge of seizures, the nurse recognizes this as
absence seizure.
generalized seizure.
status epilepticus. Correct
simple partial seizure.
Status epilepticus is a generalized seizure that lasts more than 30 minutes. This is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
Absence seizures are generalized seizures that are characterized by brief losses of consciousness, blank staring, and fluttering of the eyelids.
Generalized seizures are the most common form of seizures. They include tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and absence (petit mal) seizures. Tonic-clonic seizures have tonic-clonic activity and loss of consciousness and involve both hemispheres of the brain.
Simple partial seizures are characterized by varying sensations and motor behaviors
78
The nurse is discussing long-term care with the parents of a child who has a ventriculoperitoneal shunt to correct hydrocephalus. An important part of the discussion with the parents is that
parental protection is essential until the child reaches adulthood.
mental retardation is to be expected with hydrocephalus.
shunt malfunction or infection requires immediate treatment. Correct
most usual childhood activities must be restricted
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79
A child is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for a submersion injury. The child’s parents express guilt over the submersion injury to the nurse. The most appropriate response by the nurse is
“You will need to watch your child more closely in the future.”
“Why did you let your child almost drown?”
“Your child will be fine, so don’t worry.”
“Tell me more about your feelings.” Correct
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80
The most appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child experiencing a seizure is to
restrain the child when a seizure occurs to prevent bodily harm.
place a padded tongue between the teeth if they become clenched.
suction the child during the seizure to prevent aspiration.
described and document the seizure activity observed. Correct
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81
A 3-year-old child is status post shunt revision for hydrocephaly. Part of the discharge teaching plan for the parents is signs of shunt malformation. Which signs are of shunt malformation? (Select all that apply.)
```
Personality changeCorrect
Bulging anterior fontanelIncorrect
VomitingCorrect
DizzinessIncorrect
FeverCorrect
```
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82
A young child is diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux. The nurse should know that this is usually associated with
incontinence.
urinary obstruction.
recurrent kidney infections. Correct
infarction of renal vessels.
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83
A 5-year-old child has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to the child’s parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for
school phobia.
emotional causes.
possible urinary tract infection. Correct
possible structural defects of urinary tract.
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84
External defects of the genitourinary tract, such as hypospadias, are usually repaired as early as possible to ensure
prevention of urinary tract complications.
prevention of separation anxiety.
acceptance of hospitalization.
development of normal body image. Correct
;
85
In a non–potty-trained child with nephrotic syndrome, what is the best way to detect fluid retention?
Weigh the child daily. Correct
Test the urine for hematuria.
Measure the abdominal girth weekly.
Count the number of wet diapers.
m
86
The parent of a child hospitalized with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) asks the nurse why blood pressure readings are being taken so often. Based on the nurse’s knowledge of AGN, the most appropriate response by the nurse is
blood pressure fluctuations are a common side effect of antibiotic therapy.
blood pressure fluctuations are a sign that the condition has become chronic.
acute hypertension must be anticipated and identified. Correct
hypotension leading to sudden shock can develop at any time.
/.
87
A 3-year-old child is scheduled for surgery to remove a Wilms’ tumor from one kidney. The parents ask the nurse about what treatments, if any, will be necessary after recovery from surgery. The nurse's explanation should be based on knowledge that
no additional treatments are usually necessary.
chemotherapy is usually not necessary.
chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy is indicated. Correct
kidney transplant will be indicated within the year.
'
88
A toddler is hospitalized with acute renal failure (ARF) secondary to severe dehydration. The nurse should assess the child for what possible complications?
Hypotension
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Water intoxication Correct
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89
A 6-year-old child with acute renal failure (ARF) is being transferred out of the intensive care unit. Which children, considering their diagnoses, would be the most appropriate roommate for this child?
6-year-old child with pneumonia
4-year-old child with gastroenteritis
5-year-old child who has a fractured femur Correct
7-year-old child who had surgery for a ruptured appendix
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90
What is an important nursing consideration when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
Children with ESRD usually adapt well to the minor inconveniences of treatment.
Children with ESRD require extensive support until they outgrow the condition.
Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families until the illness is cured.
Multiple stresses are placed on children with ESRD and their families because their lives are maintained by drugs and artificial means. Correct
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91
What is an advantage to teach to the family about continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for adolescents who require dialysis?
Hospitalization is only required several nights per week.
Dietary restrictions are no longer necessary.
Adolescents can carry out procedures themselves. Correct
Insertion of a catheter does not require surgical placement.
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92
A child is receiving cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The child’s parents ask the nurse the reason for the cyclosporine. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the medication’s purpose is to
Decrease pain
Boost immunity
Suppress rejection Correct
Improve circulation to the kidney
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93
A child in renal failure has hyperkalemia. Which foods should be avoided?
Cold cuts, chips, and canned foods
Hamburger on a bun and lime Jell-O
Spaghetti with meat sauce and breadsticks
Bananas, carrots, and green leafy vegetables Correct
/
94
A nurse is caring for an infant with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Based on the nurse’s knowledge of UTIs, which clinical manifestation would be observed? (Select all that apply)
```
VomitingCorrect
JaundiceIncorrect
Swelling of the faceIncorrect
Persistent diaper rashCorrect
Failure to gain weightCorrect
```
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95
what causes pertussis
bordetella pertussis
96
what causes scarlet fever
group a B-hemolytic streptococci
97
what causes diptheria
corynebacterium diphtheriae
98
what causes erythema infectiosum ( fifths disease )
human parvovirus (HPV) B19
99
what causes mumps
paramyxovirus
