EWT

Question 1

what is the EWT?

Answer 1

recollection of an event by a witness after a period of time

Question 2

what is a schema?

Answer 2

set of information built of the world that constantly changes and adapts

Question 3

what did Bartlett suggest about memory?

Answer 3

that all memories are reconstructions of the original

Question 4

how can memory be influenced?

Answer 4

• schemas
• misleading questions
• post event discussion
• anxiety or state of arousal

Question 5

how do schemas effect memory?

Answer 5

they fill in the blanks so create errors within the reconstructions

Question 6

what do misleading questions do to effect memory?

Answer 6

suggest a desired answer

Question 7

summarise the loftus and palmer study

Answer 7

45 pts
shown videos of traffic accidents
“how fast were the cars going when they ____ into each other”

smashed =40.8mph

Question 8

what different verbs were used in the loftus and palmer study?

Answer 8

smashed, hit, collided, bumped and contacted

Question 9

summarise the loftus and zanni study

Answer 9

Pts asked “did you see a/the broken headlight?”
17% said yes to the
7% said yes to a

when the headlight wasn’t broken
FALSE MEMORIES

Question 10

Research + of leading q’s

Answer 10

loftus and zanni or loftus and palmer
increase internal validity
establish cause and effect

Question 11

validity - of leading q’s

Answer 11

lab

Question 12

generalisability - of leading q’s

Answer 12

students not general pop

Question 13

what is post event discussion?

Answer 13

when witnesses discuss what they have seen with others which can contaminate their memory of the event

Question 14

what are the factors of Post event discussion?

Answer 14

retroactive interference
media coverage
conformity (fit in and be correct)
repetitive interviewing (can create subtle differences due to reconstructing the memory each time)

Question 15

summarise the Gabbet et al study

Answer 15

60 students(Aberdeen) 60 adults
control group tested independently
experiment group= co-witnesses]
co-witnesses had seen a different video of a little girl shop lifting some had not seen her do it

71% co witnesses recalled unseen information
60% said she was guilty even though they had not seen her commit the crime

Question 16

research + post event discussion

Answer 16

Gabbert et al

Question 17

research - post event discussion

Answer 17

lab
no anxiety like a real court room
didn’t actually witness the event

Question 18

practical application + post event discussion

Answer 18

witnesses are kept apart
witnesses don’t watch other testimonies
can’t discuss if needed to rebuttal with anyone out side the case if media coverage cannot watch anything on it

Question 19

what does Yerkes and Dodson’s law suggest? (graph)

Answer 19

The Yerkes-Dodson law, performance increases with physiological or mental arousal (stress) but only up to a point which is the optimum level of performance

Question 20

what is weapon focus?

Answer 20

witness focuses on central details like a tunnel vision and not anything else e.g face

Question 21

what factors could cause someone to be anxious?

Answer 21

• anxious personality

- threat or danger

Question 22

summarise the loftus and burns study

Answer 22

1 group violent film boy shot
2 group non violent scene

2 recalled less than 1

Question 23

summarise Yuille and cutshawl study

Answer 23

witnesses that are closer to the shooting of a thief were the most accurate in recall compared to witnesses that are further away

Question 24

Research + anxiety in EWT

Answer 24

loftus and burns

internal validity=higher reliability

Question 25

research - anxiety in EWT

Answer 25

lab

not real life witness

Question 26

research - anxiety in EWT

Answer 26

yuille and cutshawl