Ex 1: Immunology 1 Introduction to the immune system Flashcards
What is immunity?
resistance to infectious disease
What is an immune response?
coordinated reaction of the immune system to infectious microbes
What is Immunology?
study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and damaged tissues and its role in disease
What is the main role of the immune system that is discussed in this class?
defense against infections
What is the immune system?
collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections
What can a deficient immune system result in?
increased susceptibility to infections
What is used to boost immune defenses and protects against infections?
Vaccination
What cells are part of the innate immune response?
- Epithelial barriers
- Phagocytes and Sentinel cells (Neutrophils, Monocytes / Macrophages, Dendritic cells)
- Complement
- Natural Killer (NK) cells.
- IFN α/β (Type I interferons)
Is the innate immune system specific to antigens?
No!
- recognizes “Pathogen -associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs) that are shared by many different microbes, and Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
Genes encoding receptors that recognize PAMPs are present in the…
germ line
- they do not use somatic recombination or hyper mutation
What does the innate immune response do in terms of clonal expansion, self reactive, and memory?
No clonal expansion
Nonreactive to self
No memory
What are the two parts of the adaptive immune system?
- humoral response
- cell-mediated response
What are the cells of the adaptive immune system?
Humoral response
- Antibodies produced by B cells
Cell-mediated response
- Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)
- Helper T cells
How long does it take for the adaptive immune response to become effective?
days to weeks
Functional genes encoding antigen
receptors are or are not present in the germ line?
ARE NOT
What does the adaptive immune response recognize?
- highly antigen-specific
- Recognizes specific epitopes on specific proteins of specific pathogens
Functional antigen receptor genes are generated by somatic recombination and mutation of germ line genes during maturation of B cells and T cells before or after exposure to antigens?
before!
Clonal selection and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens before or after exposure to antigens?
after exposure to antigens
What does the adaptive immune response do in terms of clonal expansion, self reactive, and memory?
- clonal selection
- nonreactive to self
- has immunologic “memory”
What does the humoral immunity do?
- block infections and eliminate extracellular microbes
What does the cell-mediated immunity do?
- elimination of phagocytosed microbes
- kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection
What is the specificity part of the adaptive immune response?
ensures the distinct antigens elicit specific responses
What is the diversity part of the adaptive immune response?
enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens
What is the clonal expansion part of the adaptive immune response?
increased number of antigen-specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes
