EX 6 GI Drugs

Question 1

control of GIT functions

Answer 1

1. nervous control
2. hormonal control

Question 2

extrinsic (autonomic)

Answer 2

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 3

intrinsic (ENS)

Answer 3

1. submucosal or meissner’s plexus
2. myenteric or auerbach’s plexus

Question 4

hormonal control

Answer 4

gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin

Question 5

stimulate acid secretion

Answer 5

acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin

Question 6

inhibit acid secretion

Answer 6

somatostatin

Question 7

physical barrier between lumen and epithelium

Answer 7

mucus (mucous neck cell)

Question 8

buffers gastric acid to prevent epithelial damage

Answer 8

bicarbonate

Question 9

activates pepsin; kills bacteria

Answer 9

gastric acid (HCl; parietal cell)

Question 10

vit b12 absorption

Answer 10

intrinsic factor

Question 11

stimulates gastric acid secretion

Answer 11

histamine (enterochromaffin-like cell)

Question 12

protein digestion

Answer 12

pepsin (chief cell)

Question 13

fat digestion

Answer 13

gastric lipase

Question 14

stimulates gastric acid secretion

Answer 14

gastrin (antral G cells)

Question 15

inhibits gastric acid secretion

Answer 15

somatostatin (antral D cells)

Question 16

mice strain used for GI experiment proper

Answer 16

swiss mice

Question 17

drug, dose, and volume used for GI experiment proper

Answer 17

1. atropine 5 mcg/kg
2. neostigmine 0.02 mg/kg
3. 2% activated charcoal 0.03-0.5 mL/20 g

Question 18

PI control

Answer 18

negative control

Question 19

PI test

Answer 19

atropine and neostigmine

Question 20

tertiary amine belladonna alkaloid

Answer 20

atropine

Question 21

cholinergic antagonist

Answer 21

atropine

Question 22

atropine competes with ___________ at the muscarinic receptors causing _____________ of cholinergic effects; _______________ GI motility

Answer 22

Ach; blockade; decrease

Question 23

atropine is reversible or ____________

Answer 23

surmountable

Question 24

therapeutically used as antispasmodics

Answer 24

atropine, dicyclomine, n-hyoscine-butylbromide

Question 25

indirectly acting cholinergic agonist (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor)

Answer 25

neostigmine

Question 26

neostigmine carbamate esters by binding with _____________________ --> increasing Ach at the synaptic cleft --> increasing cholinergic effects --> ______________ GI motility

Answer 26

acetylcholinesterase; increasing

Question 27

selective anticholinergic with antispasmodic activity

Answer 27

dicyclomine

Question 28

inhibit muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Answer 28

dicyclomine and n-hyoscine-butylbromide

Question 29

direct smooth muscle relaxant

Answer 29

dicyclomine

Question 30

dicyclomine has _________________ on gastric acid secretion

Answer 30

no effect

Question 31

dicyclomine synonym

Answer 31

dicycloverine

Question 32

n-hyoscine-butylbromide synonym

Answer 32

scopolamine butylbromide

Question 33

antidiarrheal agents

Answer 33

1. opioid agonist 2. kaopectate 3. bile salt binding resins 4. somatostatin, octreotide

Question 34

opioid agonists (O-LD)

Answer 34

loperamide, diphenoxylate

Question 35

inhibition of presynaptic cholinergic nerves

Answer 35

opioid agonist - loperamide, diphenoxylate

Question 36

treatment of diarrhea

Answer 36

opioid agonist - loperamide, diphenoxylate

Question 37

hydrated magnesium silicate or attapulgite

Answer 37

kaolin

Question 38

indigestible carbohydrate derived from apples

Answer 38

pectin

Question 39

kaolin + pectin

Answer 39

kaopectate

Question 40

adsorbent of bacteria, toxins and fluid

Answer 40

kaopectate

Question 41

decrease stool liquidity

Answer 41

kaopectate

Question 42

examples of bile salt binding resins

Answer 42

cholestyramine, colestipol

Question 43

adsorbs bile salt

Answer 43

bile salt binding resins

Question 44

bile salt binding resins are used to treat diarrhea caused by ____________________ and bile salts

Answer 44

C. difficile

Question 45

regulatory peptide slows GI motility and intestinal fluid secretion

Answer 45

somatostatin, octreotide

Question 46

effective for diarrhea due to vagotomy and short bowel syndrome

Answer 46

Somatostatin, octreotide

Question 47

agents that reduce gastric acidity

Answer 47

1. antacids 2. H2-receptor antagonist 3. PPis

Question 48

mucosal protective agents

Answer 48

1. sucralfate 2. prostaglandin (Misoprostol)

Question 49

laxatives

Answer 49

bulk, osmotic, stool softener, cathartc