exam 03

Question 1

What is a stakeholder?

Answer 1

People who have a vested interest in the system being developed

Stakeholders can include users, clients, and anyone affected by the system.

Question 2

What are preconditions in a use case?

Answer 2

Things that must be true before a use case can start

Preconditions ensure that the necessary conditions are met for the use case to function.

Question 3

Define minimal guarantee in a use case.

Answer 3

Least amount promised to the stakeholder by a use case

This represents the minimum expected outcome from executing the use case.

Question 4

What is a success guarantee in a use case?

Answer 4

What a use case must do effectively in order to satisfy stakeholders

It defines the requirements for a use case to be considered successful.

Question 5

What initiates a use case?

Answer 5

Trigger

A trigger is an event that starts the execution of a use case.

Question 6

What is an extension in a use case?

Answer 6

Set of behaviours or functions in a use case that follow exceptions to the main success scenario

Extensions handle alternative flows or exceptions.

Question 7

What is a use case?

Answer 7

Depiction of a system’s behavior or functionality under various conditions as the system responds to requests from users

Use cases are typically represented by ellipses in diagrams.

Question 8

Define an actor in the context of use cases.

Answer 8

External entity that interacts with a system

An actor represents a role rather than an individual.

Question 9

What is a use case diagram?

Answer 9

Picture showing system behavior, along with the key actors that interact with the system

It visually represents the complete functionality of the system.

Question 10

What is an abstract use case?

Answer 10

Use case that is initiated by another use case

Abstract use cases help in structuring complex systems.

Question 11

What is a system boundary?

Answer 11

Represented by a box, includes all the relevant use cases

Actors are positioned outside the system boundary.

Question 12

What is the extend relationship in use cases?

Answer 12

Association between two use cases where one adds new behaviors or actions to the other

It allows for optional functionality to be added.

Question 13

What is the include relationship in use cases?

Answer 13

Association between two use cases where one use case uses the functionality contained in the other

It promotes reuse of common functionalities.

Question 14

What are components in a system?

Answer 14

Working together, boundary, environment, inputs, outputs, subsystems, decomposition

These elements define the structure and operation of a system.

Question 15

What is process modeling?

Answer 15

Graphically representing functions, processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and components within a system

It helps visualize how data flows and processes interact.

Question 16

Define a data flow diagram (DFD).

Answer 16

Picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system

DFDs are essential for understanding data interactions.

Question 17

What is the difference between data couple and process coupling?

Answer 17

Data couple refers to data passed between processes, while process coupling refers to how processes interact with each other.

Understanding these concepts is crucial for designing efficient systems.

Question 18

What is a data store?

Answer 18

Data at rest, which may take the form of many different physical representations

Data stores are crucial for maintaining persistent data.

Question 19

What is the definition of a source/sink in a DFD?

Answer 19

Origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities

Sources and sinks are vital for understanding where data comes from and goes to.

Question 20

What does data flow mean in DFDs?

Answer 20

Described as data in motion

It represents the movement of data between processes and stores.

Question 21

What is a context diagram?

Answer 21

Overview of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities, and major information flows

Context diagrams provide a high-level view of the system.

Question 22

Define primitive DFD.

Answer 22

Lowest level of decomposition for a DFD

It simplifies processes to their most basic components.

Question 23

What is functional decomposition?

Answer 23

Iterative process of breaking the description of a system down into finer detail

It creates a set of charts with increasing detail.

Question 24

What is a Level-0 diagram?

Answer 24

DFD that represents a system’s major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail

Level-0 diagrams provide an overview of the entire system’s functionality.

Question 25

What does the conservation principle state?

Answer 25

You should conserve inputs and outputs to a process at the next level of decomposition ## Footnote This principle helps maintain consistency in data flow.

Question 26

What is balancing in DFDs?

Answer 26

Conservation of inputs and outputs to a DFD process when that process is decomposed to a lower level ## Footnote Balancing ensures that data flows are accurately represented at different levels.

Question 27

True or False: A process in a DFD can have only outputs.

Answer 27

False ## Footnote A process must have inputs to produce outputs.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: A data store has a ______ label.

Answer 28

noun phrase ## Footnote This labeling helps identify the data store's purpose.

Question 29

True or False: Data can move directly from one data store to another in a DFD.

Answer 29

False ## Footnote Data must be moved by a process.

Question 30

What is the rule regarding data flows in DFDs?

Answer 30

A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols ## Footnote This ensures clarity in how data moves through the system.

Question 31

What does a fork in a data flow indicate?

Answer 31

Exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks ## Footnote This usually indicates different copies of the same data.

Question 32

What must occur if a data flow goes to a data store?

Answer 32

Update (delete or change) ## Footnote This signifies that the data in the store is being modified.

Question 33

What is a Level-1 diagram?

Answer 33

Result of decomposition of a Level-0 diagram ## Footnote It provides more detail on specific processes within the system.