Exam 03 - questions from packets & lecture Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
Which part of the eye forms the skeleton of the eye?
A
tarsal plates, made of connective tissue
2
Q
Which muscle arises from medial palpebral ligament?
A
obicularis oculi
3
Q
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the fibers to the lacrimal gland?
A
facial nerve
4
Q
Which cranial nerve supplies superior oblique?
A
trochlear nerve
5
Q
Which cranial nerve supplies lateral rectus?
A
abducens nerve
6
Q
Which nerves are responsible for motor supply?
A
CN III, IV, VI
7
Q
What is the nerve supply to superior tarsus muscle?
A
sympathetic fibers
8
Q
The lacrimal apparatus consists of:
A
lacrimal gland lacrimal ducts lacrimal canaliculi lacrimal punctum lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct
9
Q
What are the 7 extraocular muscles of the eye?
A
levator palpebrae superioris superior rectus inferior rectus medial rectus lateral rectus superior oblique inferior oblique
10
Q
Which cells of the retina form the axons?
A
ganglion cells
- sensory nerves of vision
11
Q
Which branch of the ocular motor nerve carries pre-ganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion?
A
nerve to the inferior oblique
12
Q
What muscle is supplies the superior oblique, entering through superior orbital fissure?
A
Trochlear nerve - CN IV
13
Q
Which nerve supplies the Lateral Rectus muscle?
A
Abducens nerve - CN VI
14
Q
What are the three connections coming from ciliary ganglion?
A
motor root
sensory root
sympathetic root
15
Q
The sensory root of ciliary ganglion is formed by?
A
nasociliary root (branch of ophthalmic division)
16
Q
sympathetic root is coming from?
A
internal carotid plexus
17
Q
motor nerve root is coming from?
A
oculomotor nerve
18
Q
Long ciliary nerves are branches of?
A
nasociliary nerve
19
Q
What is the main artery that supplies the orbit?
A
ophthalmic artery
20
Q
What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?
A
central artery of the retina
short posterior ciliary artery
long posterior ciliary artery
21
Q
End arteries
A
do NOT anastomose with any other arteries
22
Q
If the central artery of the retina, the END ARTERY, is damaged…
A
the person goes blind
23
Q
What is the termination of ophthalmic veins?
A
cavernous sinus
24
Q
The inner layer of the eye is the neural layer containing?
A
rods & cones
25
The part of the eyeball that first receives the light?
cornea
26
The three parts of the eye?
outer layer - fibrous layer
middle layer - vascular layer
inner layer - neural layer
27
What are the anterior and posterior parts of the eye?
Anterior part - cornea
| posterior part - sclera
28
What is the angle formed by the sclera and cornea?
corneal limbus - at the corneoscleral junction
29
There are 3 parts to the middle layer?
iris - anterior (innermost part)
ciliary body - muscular middle
choroid - posterior part
30
what is the ciliary body made of?
finger-like projections - ciliary processes & ciliaris muscle (intrinsic muscles - inside the eye)
31
What is the nerve supply to ciliaris muscle?
innervation is parasympathetic fibers running through ciliary ganglion coming from oculomotor nerve
32
What is the main action of the ciliaris muscle?
accommodation: focus nearby & far away objects
33
What is the central aperture of the iris?
pupil
34
The size of the pupil is controlled by which two muscles?
sphincter/restrictor pupillae - constricts pupil
| dilator pupillae - dilates pupil
35
What is the central aperture of the iris that controls the entry of light?
pupil
36
What is the nerve supply of the restrictor pupillae?
parasympathetic fibers running through oculomotor nerve
| decreases the pupil
37
What is the nerve supply of dilator pupillae?
Sympathetic fibers
| increases the diameter of the pupil
38
What is the sensory neural layer of the eye?
retina
39
Where are the rods and cones located?
2nd layer of the retina
40
What makes the optic nerve?
collectively the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina
41
What is the circular area without photo receptors?
optic disc
aka "optic papilla"
aka "blind spot"
aka
42
What is the macula lutea?
circular area where you have special photo receptors
43
What is the depression in the center of the macula?
fovea centralis - 1.5 mm diameter
44
Which part of the following is meant for "acute vision"?
fovea centralis
45
What is the main artery of the retina?
central artery of the retina
46
Where does the central artery & vein drain into?
cavernous sinuses
47
Where do the cones and rods receive nutrients from?
capillary lamina of the choroid
48
Which is the primary refractory medium of the eye?
cornea
49
What is aqueous humor?
fluid produced by ciliary processes
50
Which of the following structures are avascular?
lens & cornea
51
What does the scleareal corneal junction empty into?
venous plexus
52
What is termination of aqueous humor fluid?
Venous plexus
53
If this fluid is not absorbed on a regular basis, what happens?
glaucoma - fluid buildup can cause increased intraocular pressure = blindness
(in days or hours)
54
What is the action of the ciliary muscle?
accommodation - changing shape of lens
55
What is the vitreous humor?
intraocular fluid in posterior segment of eye
| also gives support to lens (behind iris)
56
What is the nerve supply to ciliaris muscle?
parasympathetic via oculomotor nerve
57
How many cartilages is the skeleton made of in the larynx?
9
58
The larynx:
located: C3-C6
anterior - narrow aka "thyroid cartilage"
posterior - expanded aka "lamina"
59
What is the largest cartilage of the larynx?
thyroid cartilage (C4)
60
What 3 smaller cartilages are located on the posterior side of larynx?
(all bilateral)
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
61
What is the anterior prominence?
adam's apple
62
What two structures pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
internal laryngeal nerve
| superior laryngeal artery
63
Which cartilage lies close to the roof of the tongue?
epiglottis - heart-shaped
| looks like a leaf
64
What controls sound production?
the vocal folds
| vestibular & vocal
65
What are the the ligament & muscle involved in sound production?
vocal ligament
| vocalis muscle
66
What are the "false folds"?
vestibular folds
- superior fold
- NO VOICE PRODUCTION
67
What is the true sound production fold?
vocal fold
68
What does the Laryngeal cavity communicate with?
Laryngopharynx
69
What is the Rima Vestibuli?
slit located b/w the 2 vestibular folds
70
Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle?
supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve
| except cricothyroid
71
What nerve supplies the cricothyroid?
external laryngeal nerve
72
What part does the inferior laryngeal nerve supply?
inferior thyroid
73
Where does the superior laryngeal nerve supply?
superior thyroid
74
Where does the Cricothyroid artery come from?
superior thyroid
75
3 nerves supply larynx?
sensory - internal laryngeal nerve
motor - external laryngeal nerve
mixed - recurrent (s & m)
76
What is Ligamentum arteriosum?
fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosis (from fetus)
77
What are the two branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal nerve?
R- shorter around subclavian
| L - longer - around arch of aorta
78
Which nerve supplies superior to vocal folds?
internal laryngeal nerve
79
Which nerve supplies inferior to the vocal folds?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
80
What type of cartilage makes up the tracheal rings?
fibrocartilagenous tube
81
Where does the vertebral layer of trachea divide into bronchial tubes?
T4 / T5 disc level
divides into R & L
principle or primary brochi
82
What is the dense connective tissue?
thick, dense
| well-supplied w/ cutaneous nerves & blood
83
What is contained is loose areolar tissue?
emissary veins
| dangerous layers of scalp
84
What supplies the skin of the forehead & scalp to vertex?
supraorbital nerve
85
What nerve supplies the skin of the posterior 2/3 of the temporal region?
auriculotemporal nerve
86
What is the origin of the Buccinator muscle?
pterygomandibular raphe
alveolar processes of maxilla
alveolar processes of mandible
87
What is the action of the Buccinator muscle?
compress cheek against the teeth
88
What elevates the labila commissure bilaterally to smile?
happiness
89
What is the origin of the Levator anguli oris?
canine fossa of the maxilla
90
What is the origin of Risorius muscle?
parotid fascia &
| buccal skin
91
What is the nerve supply to mentalis muscle?
marginal branch of facial nerve
92
What is the nerve supply of the Platysma muscle?
cervical branch of facial nerve
93
What is the nerve supply of Obicularis Oculi?
temporal &
| zygomatic branches of facial nerve
94
What nerve supplies the skin on the medial part of the upper eyelid?
Infratrochlear nerve
95
What does the Infraorbital nerve supply?
```
skin of upper cheek
lower eyelid
part of the nose
part of skin
mucosa of upper lip
```
96
What supplies the skin superior to the auricle and skin over the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal nerve
97
What does the Marginal Mandibular branch innervate?
risorius muscle
| muscles of lower lip & chin
98
What is the terminal branch of the facial artery?
angular artery
99
Where does the facial nerve begin?
medial angle of eye
| union of supratrochlear & supraorbital veins
100
What is derived from the investing layer of deep cervical fascia?
the parotid sheet (capsule)
101
What are the structures embedded within the substance of the parotid gland?
parotid plexus of facial nerve & branches
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
parotid lymph nodes
102
What fibers come from the glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX, and run to the Otic ganglion?
Parasympathetic presynaptic fibers
103
What is the insertion of the Temporalis muscle?
coronoid process of mandible &
| anterior border of ramus of mandible
104
What are the actions of the Temporalis muscle?
elevate & retract the mandible
105
What is the insertion of the Masseter muscle?
angle & lateral surface of ramus of mandible
106
What is the nerve supply of the Masseter muscle?
masseteric nerve
| branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve
107
What are the actions of the Masseter muscle?
elevate & protrude mandible
108
What is the Insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?
(2-headed muscle)
upper head - joint capsule & articular disc of TM Joint
lower head - Ptyergoid fovea on neck of mandible
109
What is the origin of the Deep Head of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate & pyramidal process of palatine bone
110
What is the nerve supply of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
trunk of mandibular nerve
111
What are the actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
elevate & protrude the mandible
112
What are the 3 parts of the Infratemporal Fossa?
Part I - mandibular part
Part II - Pterygoid part
Part III - Pterygopalatine part
113
What is the terminal part of the Maxillary artery?
Sphenopalatine artery
114
What nerve descends through the Foramen Ovale?
Mandibular nerve
115
What are the Anterior Division branches of the Mandibular nerve?
Buccal
Masseteric
Deep Temporal
Pterygoid
116
What are the branches of the Posterior Division of Mandibular nerve?
Lingual
Auriculotemporal
Inferior Alveolar
117
What nerve encircles the Middle Meningeal Artery?
Auriculotemporal nerve
118
What does the Lingual nerve supply?
GENERAL SENSATION to the ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue
119
What nerve carries taste fibers to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue, secretomotor fibers for submandibular & sublingual salivary glands?
Chorda Tympani nerve
120
Where is the Otic ganglion located?
inferior to foramen ovale
medial to mandibular nerve
posterior to medial pterygoid muscle
121
What is the primary passive support of mandible & serves as fulcrum & CHECK LIGAMENT for mvmts of mandible @ TM joint. aka "swinging hinge"
Sphenomandibular ligament
122
What muscles are for lateral movements "grinding & chewing"?
Temporalis muscle of same side
Pterygoid muscle of opposite side
Masseter muscle
123
What is the principal muscle of the CHEEK?
Buccinator
124
How is the Palatine Aponeurosis formed?
expanded tendon of Tensor Veli Palatini
125
What is the nerve supply to Tensor Veli Palatini?
nerve to Medial Ptyergoid, branch of Mandibular nerve via Otic ganglion
126
What is the nerve supply of Levator Veli Palatini?
pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus
127
What is the nerve supply to Palatoglossus?
pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus
128
What is the nerve supply to Palatopharyngeus?
pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve, via pharyngeal plexus
129
All muscles of the soft palate are supplied through what? (except tensor veli palatini)
pharyngeal plexus of nerves
130
Circumvallate papillae
large
lie anterior to terminal sulcus
V-shaped
studded w/ taste buds
131
What is the nerve supply of Genioglossus m?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
132
What supplies GENERAL SENSATION to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue?
Lingual nerve
| branch of mandibular nerve
133
What nerve supplies special sensation, taste fibers to ANTERIOR 2/3 of tongue?
Chorda tympani nerve
| branch of facial nerve
134
What nerve supplies both general & special sensations to POSTERIOR 1/3 of tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
135
What supplies mostly general & some special sensation to root of tongue in front of epiglottis?
Internal laryngeal nerve
| branch of Vagus nerve -CN X
136
What kind of fibers are conveyed by the facial, chorda tympani, & lingual nerves to synapse in the submandibular ganglion?
Presynaptic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers
137
Where does the Pterygopalatine ganglion lie?
Pterygopalatine fossa suspended by the ganglionic branches of Maxillary nerve
138
What nerve conveys secretomotor fibers to the lacrimal gland?
ganglionic branches of the Maxillary nerve
139
What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
septal cartilage
| perpendicular plate of ethmoid & vomer
140
What receives the opening of Posterior Ethmoidal Sinus?
Superior meatus
141
What is the Ethmoidal Bulla?
rounded elevations formed by the middle ethmoidal sinus
142
Where does the nasolacrimal duct open?
inferior meatus - anterior part
143
Where does each sinus open into?
Semilunar Hiatus of middle Meatus
144
What are the relations of the Sphenoidal sinus?
```
optic nerve
optic chiasma
pituitary gland
internal carotid artery
cavernous sinus
```
145
What are the largest of the paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary sinuses
146
What is the anterior fold in the pharynx?
Salpingopalatine fold
147
What is the posterior fold in the pharynx?
Salpingopharyngeal fold
148
What is the mucous fold extending from the soft palate to the tongue?
Palatoglossal arch / fold
149
What muscle covers the Palatoglossal fold?
Palatoglossus muslce
150
What is the Palatine tonsil?
collection of lymphoid tissue b/w Palatoglossal & Palatopharyngeal arches
151
What are the contents of the Piriform recess?
Internal laryngeal n
Recurrent Laryngeal n
Superior Laryngeal artery
152
What is the origin of the Superior Constrictor m?
Pterygoid hamulus
Pterygomandibular raphe
Posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible
side of tongue
153
What is the origin of the Middle Constrictor m?
stylohyoid ligament
| greater & lesser horns of hyoid bone
154
What is the origin of the Inferior Constrictor?
oblique line of thyroid cartilage & side of cricoid cartilage
155
Where does the auditory tube run?
superior to superior constrictor muscle
156
What is located b/w Superior & Middle constrictor muscles?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
| Glossopharyngeal nerve
157
What is located between the Middle & Inferior constrictor muscles?
Internal Laryngeal nerve
| Superior Laryngeal artery
158
What lies inferior to Inferior Constrictor muscle?
Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
| Inferior Laryngeal artery
159
What nerve supplies the Tensor Veli Palatini muscle?
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
160
Where does the esophagus begin?
inferior border of cricoid cartilage
| at level of C6
161
What nerve runs in the groove between the trachea & esophagus?
The Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
162
What does the handle of the malleus attach to?
inner surface of membrane
163
What is the tympanic cavity connected to anteriorly?
Nasopharynx by auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube
164
What is contained in the Labryinthine wall? (medial wall)
promontory
oval window
round window
165
What is contained in the Mastoid wall? (posterior wall)
aditus to mastoid antrum
facial canal
pyramidal eminence
166
What is contained in the Carotid Wall? (anterior wall)
carotid canal (internal carotid a. w/ sympathetic plexus)
opening of pharyngotympanic tube
canal for tensor tympani m.
167
Where does the Tendon of Tensor Tympani muscle insert?
handle of malleus & chorda tympani nerve crosses it
168
What is the origin of the Stapedius? (smallest voluntary muscle of body)
pyramidal eminence in posterior wall of tympanic cavity
169
What is the bony labyrinth composed of?
cochlea
vestibule
3 semicircular canals
170
What does the bony labyrinth contain?
perilymph
171
What does the membranous labryinth contain?
endolymph
172
What does the Membranous Labyrinth consist of?
```
sacs & tubes
utricle
saccule
duct of cochlea
3 semicircular ducts
```
173
What transmits the facial nerve, branches of vestibulocochlear nerve, & Labyrinthine vessels?
Internal Acoustic Meatus
174
When do the Pharyngeal arches begin to develop?
4th week of development
175
What is the First Pharyngeal arch?
Mandibular arch
176
What is the cartilage of the First Arch?
Meckel's Cartilage
177
What is the nerve of the First Arch?
Mandibular nerve
178
What muscles are developed from the first arch?
```
4 muscles of mastication:
masseter
temporalis
lateral ptyergoid
medial ptyergoid
```
ant belly of digastric
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
179
What arch makes a major contribution to the formation of the Hyoid bone?
Second Pharyngeal Arch
| Hyoid Arch
180
What are the muscles developed from the Second Arch?
```
Occipitofrontalis
all muscles of facial expression
platysma
stylohyoid
post belly of digastric
stapedius
```
181
What is the nerve of the 3rd Pharyngeal arch?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
182
What muscle is developed from the 3rd Arch?
Stylopharyngeus m.
183
What 2 arches merge?
Fourth & Sixth
184
What cartilages develop from the 4th & 6th arches?
```
thyroid
cricoid
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
```
185
Which arch Disappears?
5th Pharyngeal Arch
186
What pouch gives rise to the Palatine Tonsil?
2nd Pouch
187
What does the 3rd Pouch give rise to?
Inferior Parathyroid gland
| Thymus
188
What does the 4th Pouch give rise to?
Superior Parathyroid gland
189
What CELLS does the 4th Pouch (Ultimobranchial body) give rise to?
Parafollicular cells of thyroid gland
190
What pouch is Rudimentary?
5th Pouch
