EXAM 1: 1-6 Flashcards
(143 cards)
1
Q
sexual intelligence
A
self understanding, interpersonal sexual skills, scientific knowledge, and consideration of the cultural context of sexuality
2
Q
psychosocial
A
a combination of psychological and social factors
3
Q
slut shaming
A
humiliating, intimidating, or degrading a person (typically a woman) because of their sexual behavior
4
Q
celibacy
A
historically defined as the state of being unmarried; currently defined as abstention from sexual behavior
5
Q
sexology
A
the study of sexuality
6
Q
qualitative study
A
a non-experimental research method that examines a small group of people to gain in-depth information about personal perspectives and lived experiences
7
Q
case study
A
a specific type of qualitative study; examines either a single participant or a small group of participants with rare conditions
8
Q
survey
A
a research method in which a sample of people are questioned about their behaviors and/or attitudes
9
Q
direct observation
A
a method of research in which participants are observed as they go about their activities
10
Q
experimental research
A
research conducted in precisely controlled laboratory conditions so that participants’ reactions can be reliably measured
11
Q
independent variable
A
in an experimental research design, a condition or component that is under the control of the researcher, who manipulates or determines its value
12
Q
dependent variable
A
in an experimental research design, an outcome or resulting behavior that the experimenter observes and records but does not control
13
Q
representative sample
A
a research sample that provides an accurate representation of a larger target population of interest
14
Q
random sample
A
a randomly chosen subset of a population
15
Q
convenience sample
A
a sample that is selected based on their convenient accessibility to the researcher
16
Q
nonresponse
A
the refusal to participate in a research study
17
Q
self selection
A
the bias introduced into research study results because of participants’ willingness to respond
18
Q
social desirability bias
A
the bias that is introduced when people distort or falsify their responses to maintain or enhance their social image
19
Q
demographic bias
A
a kind of sampling bias in which certain segments of society (such as White, middle-class, white-collar workers) are disproportionately represented in a study population
20
Q
goals of sexology
A
understanding, predicting, controlling behavior
sometimes these goals must be modified or tempered by ethical issues
21
Q
vulva
A
the external genitals of the female, including the pubic hair, mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and urinary and vaginal openings
22
Q
mons veneris
A
triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva
23
Q
labia majora
A
outer lips of the vulva
24
Q
labia minora
A
inner lips of the vulva, one on each side of the vaginal opening
25
prepuce
foreskin or fold of skin over the clit
26
gynecology
the medical practice specializing in women's health and in diseases of the female reproductive and sexual organs
27
clitoris
a highly sensitive structure of the female external genitals, the only function of which is sexual pleasure
28
glans
the head of the clit which is richly endowed with nerve endings
29
shaft
the length of the clit between the glans and the body
30
clitoral complex
a sexually reactive complex of structures in the vulva and vagina that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
31
crura
the innermost tips of the cavernous bodies that connect to the pubic bones
32
vestibule
the area of the vulva inside the labia minora
33
urethra
the tube through which urine passes from the bladder
34
introitus
the opening to the vagina
35
hymen
tissue that partially covers the vaginal opening
36
perineum
the area between the vagina and anus of females and the scrotum and anus of males
37
cavernous bodies
the structures in the shaft of the clitoris that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
38
vestibular bulbs
two bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal opening, that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
39
Bartholin's glands
two small glands slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal
40
vagina
a stretchable canal in the female that opens at the vulva and extends about 3-5 inches into the pelvis
41
speculum
an instrument used to open the vaginal walls during a gynecologist exam
42
mucosa
collective term for the mucous membranes; moist tissue that lines certain body areas such as the penile urethra, vagina, and mouth
43
rugae
the folds of tissue in the vagina
44
Grafenberg spot
glands and ducts in the anterior wall of the vagina. some females experience sexual pleasure, arousal, orgasm, and an ejaculation of fluids from stimulation of the Grafenberg spot
45
Kegel exercises
a series of exercises that strengthen the muscles underlying the external female or male genitals
46
vasocongestion
the engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal
47
douching
rinsing out the vagina with plain water or a variety of solutions. it is usually unnecessary for hygiene and douching can result in vaginal irritation
48
cervix
the small end of the uterus, located at the back of the vagina
49
os
the opening in the cervix that leads to the interior of the uterus
50
uterus
a pear-shaped organ inside the female pelvis, within which the fetus develops
51
perimetrium
the thin membrane covering the outside of the uterus
52
myometrium
the smooth muscle layer of the uterine wall
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endometrium
the tissue that lines the inside of the uterine wall
54
fallopian tubes
two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel
55
fimbriae
fringelike ends of the fallopian tubes, into which the release ovum enters
56
ectopic pregnancy
a pregnancy that occurs when a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube
57
ovaries
female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones
58
ovulation
the release of a mature ovum from the ovary
59
mestruation
the sloughing off the built-up uterine lining that takes place if conception has not occurred
60
menarche
the initial onset of menstrual periods in a young female
61
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
a pituitary hormone secreted by a female during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles. in males it stimulates sperm production
62
luteinizing hormone (LH)
the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in the female. in males it is called the interstitial cell hormone (ISCH) and stimulates production of androgens by the testes
63
corpus luteum
a yellowish body that forms on the ovary at the site of the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone
64
menstrual phase
the phase of the menstrual cycle during which menstruation occurs
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proliferative phase
the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the ovarian follicles mature
66
secretory phase
the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the corpus luteum develops and secretes progesterone
67
blastocyst
multicellular descendant of the united sperm and ovum that implants on the wall of the uterus
68
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional irritability that occur 2 to 12 days before menstruation
69
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
premenstrual symptoms severe enough to significantly disrupt functioning
70
dysmenorrhea
pain or discomfort before or during menstruation
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prostaglandins
hormones that induce uterine contractionse
72
endometriosis
a condition in which uterine tissue grows on various parts of the abdominal cavity
73
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
74
climacteric
physiological changes that occur during the transition period from fertility to infertility in both sexes
75
perimenopause
the time period before menopause when estrogen is decreasing
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menopause
cessation of menstruation as a result of the aging process or surgical removal of the ovaries
77
hormone therapy (HT)
use of supplemental hormones during and after menopause or following surgical removal of the ovaries
78
vaginitis
inflammation of the vaginal walls caused by a variety of vaginal infections
79
pap smear
a screening test for cancer of the cervix
80
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
81
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the ovaries
82
secondary sex characteristics
the physical characteristics other than genitals that indicate sexual maturity, such as body hair, breasts, and deepened voice
83
mammary glands
glands in the female breast that produce milk
84
mammography
a highly sensitive X-ray test for the detection of breast cancer
85
mastectomy
surgical removal of the breast(s)
86
penis
a male sexual organ consisting of the internal root and the external shaft and glans
87
shaft
the length of the penis between the glans and the body
88
glans
the head of the penis; it is richly endowed with nerve endings
89
root
the portion of the penis that extends internally into the pelvic cavity
90
cavernous bodies
the structures in the shaft of the penis that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
91
spongy body
a cylinder that forms a bulb at the base of the penis, extends up into the penile shaft, and forms the penile glans
92
foreskin
a covering of skin over the penile glans
93
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
94
corona
the rim of the penile glans
95
frenulum
a highly sensitive thin strip of skin that connects the glans to the shaft on the underside of the penis
96
scrotum
the pouch of skin of the external male genitals that encloses the testes
97
testis
male gonad inside the scrotum that produces sperm and sex hormones
98
spermatic cord
a cord attached to the testis that contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and cremasteric muscle fibers
99
cryptorchidism
a condition in which the testes fail to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotal sac
100
seminiferous tubules
thin, coiled structures in the testes in which sperm are produced
101
interstitial cells
cells located between the seminiferous tubules that are the major source of androgen in males
102
epididymis
the structure along the back of each testis. in which sperm maturation occurs
103
vas deferens
a sperm carrying tube that begins at the testis and ends at the urethra
104
vasectomy
a male sterilization procedure that involves removing a section from each vas deferens
105
ejaculatory duct
two short ducts located within the prostate gland
106
urethra
the tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body
107
seminal vesicles
small glands adjacent to the terminals of the vas deferens that secrete an alkaline fluid (conducive to sperm motility) that constitutes the greatest portion of the volume of seminal fluid released during ejaculation
108
prostate gland
a gland located at the base of the baldder that produces about 30% of the seminal fluid released during ejaculation
109
cowper's glands
two pea sized glands located alongside the base of the urethra in the male that secrete an alkaline fluid during sexual arousal
110
semen or seminal fluid
a viscous fluid ejaculated through the penis that contains sperm and fluids from the prostate, seminal vesicles, and cowper's glands
111
erection
the process by which the penis or clit engorges with blood and increases in size
112
ejaculation
the process by which semen is expelled from the body through the penis
113
emission phase
the first stage of male orgasm, in which the seminal fluid is gathered in the urethral bulb
114
expulsion phase
the second stage of male orgasm during which the semen is expelled from the penis by muscular contractions
115
retrograde ejaculation
the process by which semen is expelled into the bladder instead of out of the penis
116
nocturnal emissions
involuntary ejaculation during sleep; also known as wet dream
117
genital retraction syndrome (GRS)
unusual, culture-bound phenomenon in which a male believes his penis is shrinking and retracting into his body
118
koro
a widely used term for the genital retraction syndrome
119
phimosis
a condition characterized by an extremely tight penile foreskin
120
urology
the medical speciality dealing with reproductive health and genital diseases of the male and urinary tract diseases in both sexes
121
smegma
a cheesy substance of glandular secretions and skin cells that sometimes accumulates under the foreskin of the penis or hood of the clitoris
122
biological sex
biological sex characteristics associated with being male, female, or intersex
123
gender identity
how one psychologically perceives one's gender
124
gender expression
the way we outwardly express our gender identity as masculine and/or feminine
125
cisgender
gender description for a person whose biological sex assigned at birth matches their gender identity
126
transgender
term widely used as an umbrella term for individuals whose gender identity differs from what is typically associated with the biological sex they were assigned at birth
127
gender assumptions
assumptions about how people are likely to behave based on their maleness or femaleness
128
gender roles
a collection of attitudes and behaviors that a specific culture considers normal and appropriate for people of a particular biological sex
129
sperm
the male reproductive cell
130
ovum
the female reproductive cell
131
autosomes
the 22 pairs of human chromosomes that do not significantly influence sex differentiation
132
sex chromosomes
a single set of chromosomes that influences biological sex determination
133
testes
male gonads inside the scrotum that produce sperm and sex hormones
134
gonads
the male and female sex gonads; ovaries and testes
135
ovaries
female gonads that produce ova and sex hormones
136
estrogens
a class of hormones that produce female secondary sex characteristics and affect the menstrual cycle
137
progestational compounds
a class of hormones; including progesterone, that are produced by the ovaries
138
androgens
a class of hormones that promote the development of male genitals and secondary sex characteristics and influence sexual motivation in both sexes. these hormones are produced by the adrenal glands in males and females and by the testes in males
139
hypothalamus
small structure in the central core of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and regulates motivated behavior and emotional expression
140
cerebrum
the largest part of the brain, consisting of two cerebral hemispheres
141
cerebral hemispheres
two sides (right and left) of the cerebrum
141
corpus callosum
broad band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres
142
