Exam 1 - 1. Radiation Physics

Question 1

5

What two things make up the nucleus?

Question 2

6

What is the symbol for atomic number?

Question 3

6

Atomic number is the number of _____.

Question 4

6

In a neutral atom, the number of protons is the same as the _____.

Question 5

6

The atomic number determines the _______.

Question 6

6

What is the symbol for atomic mass?

Question 7

6

Atomic mass is the ______.

Question 8

8

What is binding energy?

Question 9

8

What are the units for binding energy?

Question 10

8

Within a given atom, are inner shell electrons or outer shell electrons more tightly bound?

Question 11

9

The electron binding energy is related to the ________.

Question 12

9

What is the effect on binding energy the more protons there are?

Question 13

11

Ionization is the process of ______

Question 14

11

If a neutral atom loses an electron, it becomes a _____ ion and the free electron becomes a _____.

Question 15

11

To ionize an atom, we need sufficient external energy to overcome the _______ and free the electron.

Question 16

13

To eject an electron, how does the external energy need to compare to the binding energy?

Answer 16

needs to be equal to it or higher

Question 17

14

Radiation is the transmission of energy through ____ and _____.

Question 18

14

What are the two forms that radiation may occur in?

Question 19

14

The wave theory explains the _____.

Question 20

14

The quantum theory explains the _______.

Question 21

15

What are 5 examples of ionizing radiation?

Question 22

16

In the waves theory, electromagnetic radiation is the propagation of radiation in the form of _______.

Question 23

16

Why is it called electromagnetic radiation?

Question 24

17

What is wavelength?

Question 25

17 What is frequency?

Question 26

17 What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

Question 27

18 What is the waves theory formula?

Question 28

18 What is the relationship between energy and wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation?

Question 29

18 What is the relative frequency and wavelength in higher energy radiation and low energy radiation?

Question 30

19 What is the difference between non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation and ionizing electromagnetic radiation?

Question 31

21 What are photons?

Question 32

21 Each photon has energy measured in _____ that travels in _____ at the _____.

Question 33

24 What is linear energy transfer?

Question 34

24 What three factors does Linear Energy Transfer depend on?

Question 35

24 ___ velocity, ____ charge and _____ results in greater Linear Energy Transfer (LET).

Question 36

24 Why does a higher linear energy transfer result in less penetration?

Question 37

25 X-rays are ______ of pure energy without an ______ which travel in waves with a specific frequency and wavelength at the _____ and are able to ______ matter.

Question 38

26 X-rays are ___, ____, with no ____.

Question 39

26 X-rays travel in ____ at the ____.

Question 40

26 X-rays are highly ____.

Question 41

27 X-rays are differentially _____.

Question 42

27 X-rays produce _____.

Question 43

28 ______ occurs when an electron absorbs energy, but the energy is not enough to completely eject the electron from the atom (i.e., not enough to overcome its binding energy). Instead, the electron moves to a ________. Shortly after, the electron releases this ______, usually in the form of light or heat, and returns to its ________.