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Business Process Innovation > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

a systematic series of actions directed to some end

A

process

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2
Q

something new or different introduced

A

innovation

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3
Q

introducing something new to a process that results in better quality/lower cost/faster time/easier processing

A

process innovation

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4
Q

profit equation

A

p = r - c (profit equals revenues minus costs)

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5
Q

objectives of process innovation

A

better, faster, cheaper, easier

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6
Q

six sigma means that

A

you have a process that can go six standard deviations either side of the mean and still be within “required” values

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7
Q

who is credited with creating the six sigma concept in the 80s

A

Bill Smith from Motorola

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8
Q

six sigma married ______ with ______

A

process capability with product specification

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9
Q

DPMO

A

defects per million opportunities

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10
Q

any step where an error can occur

A

opportunity

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11
Q

framework for reducing variation in an existing process with no known solution

A

DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, control)

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12
Q

different phases/framework for a new process

A

DMADV (define, measure, analyze, design, validate)

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13
Q

define

A

what is the problem? define project goals

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14
Q

measure

A

collecting data to determine how well the process is performing

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15
Q

analyze

A

identifying root causes

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16
Q

improve

A

generating solutions to plan to fix

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17
Q

control

A

monitoring of new process; steps to keep the improvement in place

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18
Q

six sigma is NOT a ______ framework/progression

A

linear

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19
Q

primary activities in define phase

A
  1. develop team charter 2. kick-off project 3. refine scope 4. define process 5. identify CTQs
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20
Q

team charter contents

A

business case, problem and goal statements, role and responsibilities, scope

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21
Q

project management wants to know three things

A

time, cost, scope (how long, how much, what does it do?)

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22
Q

CTQ

A

critical to quality; what is critical to the customer (meet or exceed expectations)

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23
Q

who defines quality

A

the customer

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24
Q

business case needs to be articulated in terms of

A

dollars

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25
problem and goal statement requirements
must be measurable/quantifiable; do not include solutions, causes, or assign blame, keep to one problem, use of entitlement for goals (target 70% of best performance ever)
26
2 ways to define/map out a process
SIPOC and process mapping
27
SIPOC
suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, customers (can be used to help you scope)
28
process mapping
flow charts; helps find bottlenecks and redundancies; (each step should have a start and a finish)
29
critical to quality must be
measurable; need to be able to define what is good and what is a defect
30
in God we trust ...
... always bring data!
31
primary activities of measure phase
brainstorm possible root causes, develop operational definition, develop data collection plan, collect the data (establish a current state)
32
fishbone diagram
cause and effect diagram; used to uncover all sources of a problem, typically done in groups; don't judge just write
33
six sigma is ____ driven
data
34
y=mX+b
CTQ = m(root cause) + b
35
operational definition
defines how to tell good from bad
36
keys to an operational definition
what to measure, how to measure it, and remove ambiguity
37
operation definition template
(CTQ) is defined as (your definition) as measured by (how you measure it with no ambiguity)
38
two types of data
continuous and discrete
39
continuous data
can be measured on a continuous scale (time, weight, temperature)
40
discrete data
counts frequency of occurrence
41
types of discrete data
count data (# of defects), binary data (yes/no), nominal data (yellow, blue...), ordinal data (on a scale from 1-5)
42
big goal in data collection
you want uniformity, repeatability in collecting data; no matter who collects, you should be able to get the same answer
43
the sigma level is
how many standard deviations you can go before hitting a required limit
44
goal of analyze phase
to determine which x's have the biggest influence on your y
45
simple analysis tools
pareto analysis, scatter plots, simple regression, histogram
46
more advanced analysis tools
ANOVA, t test, box-plot, chi-square test, logistic regression
47
which tools to use?
depends on your type of data for y and x
48
80% of your defects come from 20% of your problems/causes
pareto analysis
49
purpose of this tool is to see if there is a relationship between two seemingly unrelated variables
scatterplot
50
DO NOT USE _______ DATA
OPINION
51
activities in the improve phase
generate possible solutions, evaluation solutions, select solution, implement solution
52
how to generate solutions
think like a child, challenge the rule, set a deadline, get rid of excuses
53
SCAMPER
substitue, combine, adapt, modify or magnify, put to other uses, eliminate or minimize, reverse or rearrange
54
when evaluation solutions you should
do a cost benefit analysis and do a pick chart (2 by 2; easy or hard difficulty and high or low payoff)
55
key idea of control phase
gains will fade over time if not monitored and controlled
56
spc
statistical process control
57
how can you implement
with a pilot test
58
philosophy of lean
the elimination of waste
59
5 principles of lean
1. identify value 2. map the value stream 3. create flow 4. establish pull 5. seek perfection
60
another idea for map the value stream
VSM or value stream mapping
61
another idea for create flow
5S
62
another idea for establish pull
kanban
63
another idea for seek perfection
kaizen
64
anything that adds cost but does not add value
waste (muda)
65
difference between Japanese and US
Japanese are more focused on process improvements and simplification while we are more operations oriented
66
big idea of lean
continuous improvement
67
Japanese understand the concept of
invisible waste
68
2 reasons to change your processes
what my customer wants changes with time and technology changes
69
Littles law?
``` inventory = throughput x flow time WIP = throughput x lead time ```
70
7 forms of waste
waste of producing defects, transportation, overproduction, waiting, waste in the process itself, waste of movement, inventory
71
eighth waste
waste of underutilizing employee skills or not engaging people
72
something that the customer is willing to pay for
value
73
where to start with value stream mapping
define the process and bound it; create a process box for each process step, map the process flow; add info flows; collect process data and add it; create a timeline; analyze; create ideal state
74
one thing that differentiates VSM from other techniques is
adding the flow of information to show how orders are placed and schedules communicated
75
typical process data that is collected in VSM
inventory, cycle time, change over time, uptime, number of operators, net available working time, scrap rate, pack size/pallet sizes
76
goal with creating a timeline in VSM
want to show how long inventory remains in the system and how long a product is processed for
77
time taken to process one item (not one batch)
processing time
78
what is 5S
``` sort straighten/set in order shine standardize sustain (clean your room and keep it clean) ```
79
sort
1. define what is necessary 2. define what is unnecessary 3. remove what's unnecessary
80
set in order
1. determine locations for all items 2. calculate quantities of items 3. place items in storage locations 4. label storage locations
81
shine
1. clean 2. plan 3. sustain
82
standardize
create visual controls and policies to ensure consistent standard behavior for item usage and storage
83
standardization should encourage
simplicity, repeatability, lack of variation, accountability
84
sustain
ingrain 5S into the culture through training and ongoing discipline
85
pull method of production
focuses on eliminating waste of inventory and overproduction by not moving till something happens
86
Kanban is a
card or instruction sign
87
Kanban serves to limit
the amount of WIP
87
Kanban serves to limit
the amount of WIP
88
key to Kanbans
they need a fairly stable environment; you need quick replenishment from suppliers and can't have huge fluctuations in demand
89
kaizen is the notion of
continuous improvement
90
what is a kaizen blitz
5 day event
91
Q x A = E
quality times acceptance equals effectiveness (if people don't accept it then it's not effective

Business Process Innovation (1 decks)

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