Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Molecular Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the difference between DNA and RNA

A

RNA has a 2’ OH group that allows it to form tertiary structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the purines and how many cyclics do they have

A

adenine, guanine (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the pyrimidines and how many cyclics do they have

A

cytosine, thymine, uracil (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which purine has a double bonded O group on carbon 6

A

guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which pyrimidine has a NH2 group on carbon 4

A

cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which C in purines forms the bond with pentose

A

carbon 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which C in pyrimidines forms the bond with pentose

A

carbon 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the name of the bond that connects the phosphate group to the pentose

A

phosphodiester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the name of the bond that connects the pentose to the base (A,T,G,C)

A

glycosidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe chargaffs rules

A

number of purines (A+G) = number of pyrimidines (T+C)
the relative ratios between purines and pyrimidines stays constant between different tissues of an individual
DID NOT SAY that T and A pair together and G and C pair together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what base pair combo will result in a higher melting point

A

G-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the difference between ddNTP and dNTP

A

ddNTPs lack a 3’ OH
ddNTPs used to stop
dNTPs used to start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are ddNTPs used for

A

sanger sequencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5’ AAC GGT ………….. TAA CTG 3’

what are the primers that should be used for this fragment of DNA

A

left primer 5’ AAC GGT 3’

right primer 5’ CAG TTA 3”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the difference between a mutation and a SNP (polymorphism)

A

a mutation is present in less that 1% of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what contributes to a 30nm filament

A

histone H1
histone tails
NOT INCLUDED: chromatin remodeling complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are three ways chromatin remodeling complexes modulate gene expression

A

insert, eject, move nucleosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the light part of a cell called (open)

A

euchromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the dark part of a cell called (closed)

A

heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the function of H3.3

A

lock DNA in open confirmation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of H2A.X

A

recruitment of DNA repair proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of macroH2A.Z

A

inactivation of X chromosome in female cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the function of CENPA

Study These Flashcards
A

binds kinetochores

24
Q

is bromodomain protein associated with open or closed chromatin

25
is acetylation of histone tails associated with open or closed chromatin
open
26
is methylation of histone tails associated with open or closed chromatin
closed
27
is high nucleosome density associated with open or closed chromatin
closed
28
what does pol III - polymerase domain do
performs DNA replication
29
what does helicase do
unwinds DNA duplex
30
what does the clamp loader do
loads the beta sliding clamp
31
what does primase do
synthesizes RNA primer
32
what does topoisomerase do
removes topological stress
33
what does pol III 3' to 5' exonuclease domain do
removes mismatched nucleotides (proofreading) during replication
34
what does the delta subunit of the clamp loader do
removes beta clamp after replication
35
what does ligase do
catalyzes phosphodiester bond between okazaki fragments (during replication)
36
what remains on the DNA at the end of replication of a okazaki fragment
beta sliding clamp
37
what is released from the DNA at the end of replication of a okazaki fragment
pol III
38
what enables the removal of the RNA bases and addition of dNTPs on the okazaki fragment after it is replicated
pol I 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
39
the simultaneous RNA removal and DNA synthesis is called
nick translation
40
what is the difference between a PCR and a rtPCR
PCR: amplifies DNA sequence rtPCR: measures amount of DNA
41
1 nucleosome is composed of what histones
2x | H2A, H2B, H3, H4
42
1 nucleosome is composed of what histones
2x | H2A, H2B, H3, H4
43
how are histones modified
specialized histone modifying enzymes | some enzymes add modifications, some remove them
44
is new or old DNA heavier
old DNA --> heavier
45
what is the replisome
all proteins that work together during DNA replication elongation
46
what is contained in the pol III holoenzyme
pol III core, beta sliding clamp, clamp loader
47
what is the role of the pol III core
all nucleotides and proofreading
48
what is the role of the beta sliding clamp
increase speed of replication
49
what is the role of SSB
protects ssDNA
50
what are the initiation steps of replication in bacteria
1. 9mer repeats bound by DnaA 2. torque destabilizes DNA so DNA opens at 13mer repeats 3. using the prepriming cortex, replication bubble opens more 4. primers are made 5. holoenzyme does replication on both leading strands until it reaches opposite side of bubble 6. holoenzyme docks 7. regular replication starts on both strands
51
what is a DAM site
GATC, A gets a methyl group added
52
what is it called when on of the two strands is methylated
hemimethylated DNA
53
what is the role of seqA
seqA recognizes hemimethylated DNA and prevents binding of DnaA --> no replication
54
how is replication regulated so that a second initiation does not occur too early
after seqA binds, DAM starts methylation of the new DNA strand; by the time DAM has methylated all of the DAM sites, the entire chromosome is replicated
55
what would happen to replication if DAM was inhibited
replication initiation would not happen
56
what are the steps of the cell cycle
1. G1: assembly of the pre-replication complex 2. S-entry: degradation of preRC 3. S: assembly of replication complex
57
what happens to replication if cdt1/cdc6 do not remain degraded
replication would re-initiate before the previous cycle of replication has finished

Molecular Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions