Exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Plant Propagation
The multiplication or preservation (maintenance) of types of plants important to man
Does a plant achieve maximum growth in its area of origin?
Not Necessarily
Why is geographic origin important?
Source of primitive/ancestral varieties for breeding new traits into cultivated varieties
What are 3 aspects of successful propagation?
- The “art” of propagation: technical and mechanical skills required for success
- The science of propagation: knowledge of plant growth and structure
- Knowledge of different types and species of plants
What is the system used to name plants?
Binomial system (2 names) Genus+ specific epithet=species name
Genus
A level of plant classification more narrow than family and broader than species; it is always written in italics with the first letter capitalized.
Specific epithet
the second part of a plant’s scientific species name that is always written in italics and lowercase letter; it is usually a Latin adjective.
What are some important developments in plant propagation?
- Heating cables
- Intermittent mist (late 1940s)
- Root-inducing or promoting chemicals (1934-35)
- Plastic revolution (1950s)
- Means for overcoming seed dormancy
- Micropropagation (1970s)
Two types of Plant Propagation
Sexual and Asexual
Sexual Propagation
Seed
Asexual / Vegetative propagation
- Off spring produced is genetically identical to parent plant (cloning)
- Reproduce plants with no viable seed.
- Bypass “juvenility” in woody plants. Helpful to skip to phase creating flowers and fruit
Methods of asexual propagation
Leaf and bud cuttings, stem cuttings, division and separation, root cuttings, layering, grafting, budding, micropropagation
What is the most commonly used method of propagation in the nursery industry
Asexual
Clone
a group of genetically identical plants derived from a single individual seedling plant (or part of a plant) and propagated exclusively by asexual means
Sexual Propagation Facts
- Genetic variation from parent plant
* Helps prevent monocultures
Monoculture
large scale production of an agricultural commodity based on one cultivar or clone, or a narrow genetic base
Juvenility
An early stage in the life of a plant before it matures and produces flowers and fruits.
Genetic Vulnerability
Increased risk of disease or insect epidemic associated with monoculture
Examples of Monocultures
Sour Cherry, Papaya, Bananas
Heat Treatment
steam, pasteurization (not sterilization), 160 deg F for 30 min
Chemical Fumigation
Highly selective, dangerous, don’t vaporize will at low temperatures, waiting period for dissipation
Fungicidal soil drenches
Not used in place of other methods, can be used after cuttings are already stuck
Non-infected Parent Material treatment
- Avoid or treat infected material
- Dip cuttings in fungicide
- Soak seed in 10% Chlorox solution
- Don’t use dropped cuttings
Treating containers
- Steam
- Boiling or hot water
- Plastic: 158 deg F for 3 min
- 2% formaldehyde (have to rinse off after)
- 10% Chlorox solution (don’t have to rinse off after)
- Fresh batch each time
