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Wellness for Life > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the cardiorespiratory system?

A

Heart and lungs

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2
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

Four.

Left Atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
right ventricle

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3
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body

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4
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

When the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs

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5
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

When the left side of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Explain how the heart pumps blood

A

Oxygen poor blood travels through the vena cavae and into the right atrium. The right atrium fills, contracts, and pumps the blood into the lower right ventricle. When the ventricle is full, the heart contracts and pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery to the lung. From there, the blood picks up oxygen from the lungs and discards carbon dioxide. This is called diffusion. Oxygenated blood is pumped from the lungs through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The left atrium fills, and then contracts to pump blood into the left ventricle. The left ventricle fills, contracts and pumps the blood through the aorta for distribution to the entire body

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7
Q

What is the heart’s contraction called?

A

Systole

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8
Q

What is the heart’s relaxation called?

A

Distole

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9
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels created by the pumping of the heart

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10
Q

What is a heartbeat?

A

The split-second sequence of the heart’s four chambers’ contractions

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11
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood to the heart

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12
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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13
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The largest artery. It received blood from the left ventricle and distributes it throughout the body

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14
Q

Veins have….

A

A thin wall

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15
Q

Arteries have….

A

thick elastic walls which allow them to expand and relaxed with blood volume.

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16
Q

What are endothelia cells?

A

Cells lining blood vessels

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17
Q

What is nitric oxide?

A

A gas released by the endothelia cells which regulate blood flow

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18
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Small blood vessels

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19
Q

What do the capillaries do?

A

Distribute blood to all parts of the body. They deliver oxygen-rich blood and pick up oxygen-poor blood in order to start the cycle all over again

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20
Q

How many coronary arteries does the human body have?

A

Two. Right and Left

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21
Q

What do the coronary arteries do?

A

They are large arteries that branch off of the aorta and supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

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22
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Facilitates the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen through the capillaries and alveoli.

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23
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Tiny grape-like air sacs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood

24
Q

What are the three sources of energy from food?

A

Glucose, glycogen, and fat

25
Q

What are the Three Energy Systems?

A

1) The Immediate Energy System
2) The Nonoxidative Energy System
3) The Oxidative Energy System

26
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The measure amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat

27
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute via heart rate and stroke volume

28
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The rate in which the body uses energy

29
Q

What is glucose?

A

A simple sugar circulating in the blood that can be used by cells to fuel adenosine triphosphate production

30
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, the major fuel source during most forms of intensive exercise. It is the storage form of glucose

31
Q

What are Static/dynamic exercises and examples of each

A

Static- exercise that causes muscle contraction without a change in the muscle’s length or a joint angle ( e.g. plank or cobra pose)

Dynamic- Exercise that causes a muscle contraction and change in the muscle’s length (e.g. Bicep curl)

32
Q

What are Concentric muscle contractions

A

Contraction in which the muscle becomes shorter as it contracts. Dynamic contractions can be concentric. (e.g. bicep curl)

33
Q

What are eccentric muscle contractions?

A

Contraction where the muscle lengths as it contracts (e.g. arm curl when the weight is lowered)

34
Q

What are risk factors for chronic diseases?

A 
CVD
High LDL
Cancer
Diabetes Mellitus II
Osteoporosis 
Inflammaion
Death
35
Q

What does exercise do to cholesterol?

A

Raises HDL and lowers LDL

36
Q

What is “inflamation”

A

The body’s response to tissue and cell damage, environmental poisons, or poor metabolic health

37
Q

Name the diseases which encompass CVD

A

1) CAD
2) Stroke
3) High blood pressure

38
Q

How does exercise help reduce the risk for DMII?

A

Obesity is linked to an increase in risk for DMII

39
Q

How does exercise help reduce a risk for osteoporsis?

A

Weight training helps build bone density in early teens and twenties

40
Q

How does exercise help reduce the risk of death?

A

It helps reduce the risk of premature death from chronic conditions

41
Q

S.M.A.R.T.

A 
SPECIFIC
MEASURABLE
ATTAINABLE
REALISTIC
TIME FRAME SPECIFIC
42
Q

What is cardiovascular endurance?

A

The ability to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercises at moderate to high levels of intensity

43
Q

What is muscular strength?

A

The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort

44
Q

Why is muscular strength important?

A

It helps to keep the skeleton in proper alignment, aids in performing everyday activities

45
Q

Why is cardivascular endurance important?

A

A healthy heart can better withstand stress

46
Q

What is Wellness?

A

The active process of being aware and making healthy choices for a healthy and fufilling life.

47
Q

Name the types of Wellness

A 
Emotional
Environmental
Financial
Intellectual
Occupational
Physical
Social
Spiritual
48
Q

Emotional- Wellness

A

1) Self-care
2) Stress reduction
3) Relaxation
4) Develop inner resources

49
Q

What is progressive overload?

A

When you gradually increase the weight, frequency, or number of repetitions in your strength training routine to build strength

50
Q

How to take a pulse?

A

1) Carotid pulse- under the angle of the jaw

2) Radial- on the wrist under the thumb

51
Q

What are examples of muscle strength tests?

A

bench press and leg press

52
Q

What is muscular endurance? Give an example

A

The ability of a muscle to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time. (e.g running, cycling, or swimming)

53
Q

What is  Muscle strength? Give an example

A

The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort (e.g. bench press and leg press)

54
Q

What is a Heart attack

A

When a blood clot caused by a build-up of plaque in the arteries travels to the heart, causing an infarction which results in the death of the heart tissue.

55
Q

What is a stroke

A

When a clot caused by the build-up of plaque in the arteries travels to the brain causing an infarction causing death to brain tissue.

Wellness for Life (1 decks)

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