Exam #1

Question 1

What are the 7 characteristics of development?

Answer 1

1. Multicultural
2. Multidisciplinary
3. Multidirectional
4. Multicontextual
5. Multidimensional
6. Changeable
7. Lifelong

Question 2

Which characteristic:

Meaning that development happens on many different domains (physical, emotional, social)

Answer 2

Multidimensional

Question 3

Which characteristic:

Development can go both ways, it can either progress or it can decline

Answer 3

Multidirectional

Question 4

Which characteristic:

We can change the course of our development (environment)

Answer 4

Changeability

Question 5

Which characteristic:

Development can be explained by many different disciplines

Answer 5

Multidisciplinary

Question 6

Which characteristic:
Different times and stages of your life/what you are going through affect your development differently (i.e. seasonal depression, grade school teachers teach differently than college professors, we behave differently at a party than we do in class)

Answer 6

Multicontextual

Question 7

Which characteristic:

different ethnic groups experience different courses of development

Answer 7

Multicultural

Question 8

Name the 7 periods of development

Answer 8

Infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

Question 9

infancy (years)

Answer 9

0-2

Question 10

early childhood (years)

Answer 10

2-5

Question 11

middle childhood (years)

Answer 11

5-12

Question 12

adolescence

Answer 12

12-18

Question 13

early adulthood

Answer 13

18-40

Question 14

middle adulthood

Answer 14

40-65

Question 15

late adulthood

Answer 15

65-death

Question 16

why do the intervals for periods of development increase each stage of life?

Answer 16

the majority of development happens in the beginning stages

Question 17

name the three domains of development

Answer 17

Biological
Cognitive
Socioemotional

Question 18

biological =

Answer 18

physical

Question 19

cognitive =

Answer 19

mental

Question 20

socioemotional =

Answer 20

social

Question 21

key developmental issue - what affects our traits more, genetics or environment?

Answer 21

nature vs, nurture?

Question 22

developmental issue - Do our characteristics stay the same or change as we go?

Answer 22

stability vs. change?

Question 23

developmental issue - Does the underlying nature of our characteristics stay the same qualitatively or does it change as we age?

Answer 23

continuity vs. discontinuity

Question 24

4 steps of scientific method

Answer 24

observation - hypothesis - predictions - test

Question 25

according to the scientific method, what is the next step if your test disproves your hypothesis?

Answer 25

form a new hypothesis

Question 26

according to the scientific method, what is the next step if your test proves your hypothesis?

Answer 26

form a theory

Question 27

development design - testing several groups at one given period of time

Answer 27

cross sectional

Question 28

what is the downfall of cross sectional design

Answer 28

cohort effect

Question 29

what is the cohort effect

Answer 29

certain groups with similar traits (age, culture) tend to have similar ways of thinking

Question 30

what design involves studying one person for life or extensive period

Answer 30

LONGitudinal

Question 31

downfall of longitudinal

Answer 31

people may drop out because lengthy, also expensive

Question 32

cross sequential

Answer 32

a study in which two or more groups of individuals of different ages are directly compared over a period of time. It is thus a combination of a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal design.

Question 33

research designs - which is Going out and observing to collect data what are the inherent problems?

Answer 33

Naturalistic observation, Inherent problems - you can find what you see but you can't explain why, confirmation bias, accidental

Question 34

research design - Studying an individual extensively | problems?

Answer 34

case study, the individual may not be representative of the entire population

Question 35

research design - Gathering a lot of info from a wider range of people in a more structured way problem?

Answer 35

survey/interview | people are liars

Question 36

which theorist - psychosexual stages

Answer 36

freud (froyd)

Question 37

which theorist - psychosocial stages

Answer 37

erikson

Question 38

two theorists (psychoanalytic)

Answer 38

freud, erikson

Question 39

according to freud, 5 psychosexual stages

Answer 39

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Question 40

freuds theory - ORAL stage

Answer 40

0-18 months | baby putting things in MOUTH

Question 41

freuds theory - | ANAL stage

Answer 41

18-36 months | POTTY training

Question 42

freuds theory - phallic

Answer 42

3-6 years | wanting to engage in sexual activity

Question 43

freuds theory - latent

Answer 43

6-12 years | sexual urges take a break

Question 44

freuds theory - genital stage

Answer 44

12 and older | sexually mature, express sexual desires

Question 45

eriksons psychoanalytical stages

Answer 45

1. trust v mistrust 2. autonomy v shame 3. industry v inferiority 4. identity v role 5. intimacy v isolation 6. generativity v stagnation 7. integrity v dispair

Question 46

6-12 years, conflicted on trusting relationship with parents

Answer 46

1st stage, trust v. mistrust

Question 47

18-36 months, potty training capability

Answer 47

autonomy vs. shame

Question 48

3-6 years, initiate social interaction

Answer 48

initiation v guiklt

Question 49

cognitive development theorists

Answer 49

piaget, vygotsky.

Question 50

who - 4 stages of cognitive development

Answer 50

piaget

Question 51

who - sociocultural cognitive theory

Answer 51

vygotsky

Question 52

behavioral theorists

Answer 52

watson, skinner, bandura

Question 53

who - classical conditioning, little albert

Answer 53

watson

Question 54

who- experimented conditioning on rats, positive reinforcement

Answer 54

skinner

Question 55

little albert

Answer 55

bandura

Question 56

ethological theorists

Answer 56

lorenz, bolby, ainsworth

Question 57

prenatal development - when is germinal period?

Answer 57

0-14 days

Question 58

prenatal development - when is embryonic?

Answer 58

2-8 weeks

Question 59

prenatal development - when is fetal period?

Answer 59

2-9 months

Question 60

what is a zygoteA?

Answer 60

fertilized egg

Question 61

what is the ossification period of prenatal development

Answer 61

ossification = birth