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Anatomy 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following ligaments supports the costovertebral joints?
A. Lateral costotransverse ligament
B. Anterior longitudinal ligament
C. Radiate ligament
D. Intertransverse ligament
A

C. Radiate ligament

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2
Q

T of F: The costotransverse joints for T11 and T12 are synovial joints just like all the other ones.

A

False

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3
Q 
Which of the following ribs have no crest on their head?
A. T4
B. T6
C. T8
D. T10
A

D. T10

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4
Q

T of F: The costotransverse joints for T1-T6 are convex-concave and allow for rotation (spin) of the ribs to create a bucket handle motion.

A

False; creates a pump handle movement

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5
Q

Which of the following intercostal muscles are muscular anteriorly and membranous posteriorly?
A. External Intercostal
B. Internal Intercostal
C. Innermost Intercostal

A

B. Internal Intercostal

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6
Q

T or F: The posterior intercostal arteries are longer and larger than the anterior intercostal arteries because they branch from the aorta.

A

True!

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7
Q 
There are 2 lungs and each lung usually has 10 bronchopulmonary segments. The superior segments are similar in both lungs except for the right lung which has 2 middle lobe segments. Which of the following is one of them?
A. Superior Lingular ligament
B. Inferior lingular ligament
C. Medial segment
D. Lateral basal segment
A

C. Medial segment

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8
Q

T or F: Sipson’s fascia is the suprapleural membrane that reinforces the cervial pleura.

A

True

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9
Q 
What is the name given to the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left main bronchi?
A. Cupula
B. Carina
C. Lingula
D. Hilum
A

B. Carina

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10
Q

T or F: Anteriorly, the lungs extend down to the 6th costal cartilage, while the parietal pleura reaches the 7th costal cartilage.

A

True

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11
Q

What forms the inter scalene space and what passes through it?

A

Subclavian a.
Trunks of brachial plexus
Both pass through the middle and anterior scalenes

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12
Q

Which of the three scalene muscles attaches to the 2nd rib?

A

Posterior scalene (middle and anterior attach to 1st rib)

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13
Q

T1 sits on top of the 1st rib. This will form which nerve plexus?

A

Brachial plexus

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14
Q

The bundles of vein, artery, and nerve follow the costal grooves which are on the inferior side of each rib. Why is this clinically important?

A

Since the bundle sits under the ribs, placeing a needle into the chest for a chest tube requires placing the needle on top of the rib to avoid bleeding.

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15
Q

From where does the internal thoracic artery originate? Where does the internal thoracic vein empty?

A

Internal thoracic artery originates bilaterally from the subclavian artery
Internal thoracic vein empties bilaterally into the brachiocephalic vein

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16
Q

What is another name for the left internal thoracic artery, and why is this clinically important?

A

Left Internal Mammary artery - used for coronary bypass grafting and is attached to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)

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17
Q

What nerves innervate the parietal pleura and how is this important in assessing pain during breathing?

A

Innervated by the somatic affarents from the intercostal nerves so pain would be felt as thoracic wall pain. This is different from diaphragmatic and mediastinal somatic afferents that originate from the phrenic nerve (C2-4) where pain is felt in the lateral neck and supraclavicular regions

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18
Q

As with other organs of the body, the vascular supply follows the path of the ducts and nerves that supply those organs. What would be the smallest part of the lung that could be easily removed during surgery?

A

A bronchopulmonary segment is the smallest functionally independent region of the lung and the smallest area that can be removed and not impact an adjacent region in the lung

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19
Q

What is the relevance of the drainage of the lungs, thoracic wall, and the neck to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer?

A

Since the lymph drainage of the lungs, thoracic wall, mediastinum, and the neck, moves towards the neck. Often, first signs of cancer in the thorax manifests as enlargement of neck lymph nodes

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20
Q

What is contained in the middle compartment of the mediastinum?

A

The pericardium (containing the heart)

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21
Q

Through which mediastinal compartments does the esophagus pass?

A

Superior and posterior mediastinal compartments

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22
Q

Why is it called the mitral valve?

A

Because it’s the shape of a Catholic bishop’s hat which is called a miter

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23
Q

How many coronary arterial openings are there in the aortic trunk? Where are these openings in relation to the aortic valve?

A

2 - one each for the left and right coronary arteries

behind the respective right and left cusps of the aortic valve. They lie in what is referred to as the aortic sinuses

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24
Q

The name of the left anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery is often shortened to what?

A

Widow Maker or LAD

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25
Q

Into which chamber of the heart does the coronary sinus empty?

A

Right atrium

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26
Q

What are the 3 components of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium

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27
Q 
Which part of the mediastinum is the smallest?
A. Superior
B. Anterior Inferior
C. Middle Inferior
D. Posterior Inferior
A

B. Anterior Inferior

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28
Q

T or F: The right vagus nerve has to travel further inferiorly into the superior medastinum before giving off the recurrent laryngeal nerve, than the left side.

A

False

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29
Q 
If you run a finger behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk but in front of the superior vena cava, which pericardial sinus are you in?
A. Oblique
B. Coronary
C. Transverse
D. Infundibulum
A

C. Transverse

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30
Q

T or F: Bleeding into the pericardial cavity causes a serious condition known as cardiac tamponade.

A

True

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31
Q 
The infundibulum is in which chamber of the heart?
A. R atrium
B. L atrium
C. R ventricle
D. L ventricle
A

C. R ventricle

32
Q

T or F: The apex of the heart is the superior portion.

A

False; base is superior

33
Q

T or F: The atrioventricular valves in the heart are all tricuspid valves.

A

False; one tricuspid and one mitral

34
Q 
Which membrane is adherent to the outer surface of the heart?
A. Epicardium
B. Pericardium
C. Parietal pericardium
D. Myocardium
A

B. Pericardium

35
Q

T or F: The vertebral artery passes through the transverse foramen in the transverse process of C7.

A

False

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the uncovertebral joints?
A. They develop within the first decade of life
B. They cause extension of fissures in the posterior disc and development of bipartite discs
C. They contain synovial fluid
D. With aging, they lead to development of osteophytes or bone spurs which may cause neck pain

A

C. They do NOT contain synovial fluid - just interstitial fluid

37
Q

T or F: The digastric muscle has a dual nerve supply.

A

True

38
Q 
My superior attachment is to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage.
A. Sternohyoid
B. Sternothyroid
C. Thyrohyoid
D. Omohyoid
A

B. Sternothyroid

39
Q

T or F: The platysma, as a muscle of facial expression, serves to convey happiness and joy.

A

False, it conveys tension and stress

40
Q 
What forms the apex of the anterior cervical triangle?
A. Median line of the neck
B. Anterior border of SCM
C. Inferior border of mandible
D. Jugular notch of manubrium
A

D. Jugular notch of manubrium

41
Q 
Which structure enters the coronoid fossa of the humerus during full elbow flexion?
A. Olecranon
B. Head of the radius
C. Coronoid process of the ulna
D. Capitellum of the humerus
A

C. Coronoid process of the ulna

42
Q

T or F: Fractures of the proximal end of the humerus usually occur at the anatomical neck.

A

False; occurs at SURGICAL neck

43
Q

What is the space between the anterior and middle scalenes called and what else passes through it?

A

Interscalene space - subclavian artery and trunks of the brachial plexus pass through

44
Q

What are the 2 bellies of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Superior belly - lower border of hyoid

Inferior belly - upper border of the scapula near scapular notch

45
Q

What is the line formed by the junction of the right and left mylohyoid called?

A

medial fibers of the 2 mylohyoid muscles unite in a midline raphe (where the 2 muscles intermesh) which is called the Median Raphe or sometimes the Mylohyoid Raphe

46
Q

Name the artery that travels with the long thoracic nerve as it leaves the axilla to innervate the serratus anterior?

A

Lateral Thoracic Artery

47
Q

What structure occupies the intertubercular sulcus?

A

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

48
Q

How is the scapula attached to the thorax?

A

There is no boney attachment to the thorax; it’s embedded into multiple muscles that allow it to glide on the posterior thorax

49
Q

Why are the muscular attachments of the scapula so important?

A

They allow for greater range of motion to the shoulder

50
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii at the shoulder?

A

Extension and adduction at the shoulder joint

51
Q

What structure passes through the Triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular a and v

52
Q

Which muscles for the rotator cuff at the glenohumeral joint?

A 
SITS
S - Subscapularis
I - Infraspinatus
T - Teres Minor
S - Supraspinatus
53
Q

What are the 4 boundaries of the quadrangular space? What passes through this space?

A

Superior - inferior margin of teres minor
Inferior - Superior margin of teres major
Medial - long head of triceps
Lateral - surgical neck of humerus

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral veins

54
Q 
Which of the follwoing are characteristics of the lower cervical spine?
A. Long spinous process
B. Transverse foramina
C. Uncovertebral joints
D. All of the above
E. Only B and C are correct
A

E. Only B and C are correct

55
Q

T or F: A Bigliani Type 1 acromion would be less likely to lead to shoulder impingement problems.

A

True; type 3 may cause problems since it is hooked

56
Q 
How do the suprascapular nerve and artery get to the infraspinous fossa?
A. Through the subscapular notch
B. Around the spinoglenoid notch
C. Through the quadrangular space
D. Through the triangular space
A

B. Around the spinoglenoid notch

57
Q

T or F: The medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named according to their location in the pectoral region.

A

False

58
Q

How does the cephalic vein drain into the axillary vein in the anterior shoulder?
A. Through the clavipectoral triangle
B. Through the deltopectoral triangle
C. Through the gap between the deltoid and pectoralis major
D. All of the above are correct

A

D. All of the above are correct

59
Q

During extension of the lower cervical spine:
A. Anterior translation of superior vertebra causing upward gliding of facet joints and separation of spinous processes
B. Anterior translation of superior vertebra causing downward gliding of facet joints and closing of spinous processes
C. Posterior translation of superior vertebra causing upward gliding of facet joints and separation of spinous processes
D. Posterior translation of superior vertebra causing downward gliding of facet joints and closing of spinous processes

A

D. Posterior translation of superior vertebra; downward gliding of facets; closing of spinous processes

60
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the uncovertebral joints?
A. They deepen the ‘socket’ created by the inferior vertebra and provide greater stability
B. They create a fissure or cleft in the disc and allow for the development of bipartite discs in the cervical spine
C. They provide lateral stability at each intervertebral level
D. They have no clinical relevance

A

B. They create fissures in the discs

61
Q 
The deep layer of the muscles in the neck is important for:
A. Overall movement
B. Overall stability
C. Segmental movement
D. Segmental stability
A

D. Segmental stability

62
Q 
Which structures comprise the thorax?
A. Sternum anteriorly 
B. 12 thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
C. 12 pairs of ribs and their costal cartilages laterally
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

63
Q 
How many false ribs are there?
A. 14 - 7 pairs of vertebrosternal ribs
B. 10 - 5 pairs of vertebrocostal and vertebral ribs
C. 6 - 3 pairs of vertebrocostal ribs
D. 4 - 2 pairs of vertebral ribs
A

B. 10 - 5 pairs of vertebrocostal and vertebral ribs

64
Q 
The articular facet on the tubercle of the rib will articulate with which of the following structures?
A. Head of rib
B. Costal end of rib
C. Superior costal demi-facet
D. Transverse process
A

D. Transverse process

65
Q

During extension of the thoracic spine:
A. Anterior translation of superior vertebra which causes forward motion of the transverse processes which pushes the ribs into anterior rotation (depression)
B. Posterior translation of superior vertebra which causes backward motion of the transverse processes which pushes the ribs into posterior rotation (elevation)
C. Posterior translation of superior vertebra which causes forward motion of the transverse processes which pushes the ribs into anterior rotation (depression)
D. Anterior translation of superior vertebra which causes backward motion of the transverse processes which pushes the ribs into posterior rotation (elevation)

A

B. Posterior translation of superior vertebra; backward motion of transverse processes; posterior rotation of ribs (elevation)

66
Q

Which of the following in NOT true of the pleura?
A. The visceral pleura lines the lungs and has no somatic innervation
B. The parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and is innervated by intercostal nerves (ventral primary rami)
C. The visceral pleura lines the lungs and is innervated by the intercostal nerves (ventral primary rami)
D. The parietal pleura covers a much larger area than the visceral pleura

A

C. The visceral lines lungs and is innervated by the intercostal nerves

67
Q 
Which of the following are NOT parts of the parietal pleura?
A. Costal
B. Diaphragmatic
C. Pericardial
D. Mediastinal
A

C. Pericardial

68
Q 
You can tell when it is a right lung because:
A. It has a superior and inferior lobe
B. It has an oblique fissure
C. It has an apex and a base
D. It has a horizontal fissure
A

D. It has a horizontal fissure - left lung only has an oblique fissure

69
Q

T or F: The fact that there are no arterial anastomoses between bronchopulmonary segments means that removal of a pulmonary segment will not endanger the viability of adjacent segments.

A

True!

70
Q

An abdominal accumulation of blood in the pleural space is known as:
A. Pneumothorax
B. Hemothorax
C. Empyema

A

B. Hemothorax

pneumo - air in pleural space; empy - pus in pleural space

71
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about the mediastinum?
A. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity
B. It is surrounded by loose connective tissue
C. It contains the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve and thymus gland
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

72
Q 
The transverse thoracic plane is at the level of:
A. Sternal angle (Angle of Louis)
B. Intervertebral disc of T4-T5
C. Bifurcation of the trachea
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

73
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the fibrous pericardium?
A. It is a dense fibrous outer layer of connective tissue
B. It is fueled centrally to the diaphragm
C. It is able to stretch to accommodate expansion of the heart during normal pumping
D. It is attached to the sternum by sternopericardial ligaments

A

C. Since it is fibrous, it has no stretch

74
Q 
Which part of the heart forms it's base?
A. R atrium
B. L atrium
C. L ventricle
D. R ventricle
E. Both atria
F. Both ventricles
A

E. Both atria

75
Q 
Which of the following veins will drain deoxygenated blood directly from the anterior left ventricle?
A. Great cardiac vein
B. Anterior interventricular vein
C. Middle cardiac vein
D. Coronary sinus
A

A. Great cardiac vein

Anatomy 2 (4 decks)

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