Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Gas x
Generic: simethicone
A
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
2
Q
Maalox
Generic: simethicone
A
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
3
Q
Mylanta
Generic: simethicone
A
Reduces pressure and bloating
Take after meals & at bedtime
4
Q
Pepto, kaopectate
Generic: bismuth subsalicylate
A
- Tx of diarrhea by increasing h2o absorption in large intestine
- coats & soothes stomach
- antimicrobial activity
- max per day 4200mg
- blackened stool
- watch for aspirin allergy
5
Q
Imodium
Generic: loperamide
A
- take after 1st loose stool
- don’t take if you have a fever
- only for mild, acute (2-3days) diarrhea
- h2o reabsorbs in large intestine
6
Q
Dramamine
Generic: Dimenhydrinate
A
- antiemisis for nausea/vomiting
- don’t take with fever, cancer, blood
- acts on CNS
7
Q
Seaband
A
- for nausea/vomiting
* wrist pressure points
8
Q
Epecac
A
- induces vomiting
- use only if poison control says to
- kept behind the counter
9
Q
Miralax
Generic: Polyethylene glycol
A
- osmotic laxative
- 1-3 days
- powder + water or juice
- rx to otc
10
Q
Colace
Generic: docusate sodium
A
- stool softener
- water into colon, softens stools
- ok long term
- don’t take with kidney disease
11
Q
Benefiber, FiberCon, citricel
A
- bulk forming laxative for constipation
- gives poop more form
- puts more h2o into colon for easier passage
- takes 3-4 days
- can take daily
- take w/full glass of h2o to avoid throat blockage
12
Q
Dulcolax
A
- Bisacotal laxative (synthetic)
- enterocoated
- no milk/antacids w/in 1 hr
- triggers contractions of intestinal muscles
13
Q
Senna, ex-lax chocolate bar
A
- from senna plant
- irritates gut lining
- increases water
- up to 8 tabs a day
14
Q
Emotrol
A
- Nausea/vomiting
- glucose, like coke
- not for diabetes
- reduces stomach contractions that lead to vomiting
15
Q
Activated charcoal
A
Toxins adhere to it instead of the body
16
Q
Insulin
A
1 unit drops blood sugar 50mg/dL
17
Q
Rule of 15
A
Take 15g of glucose, check in 15 min.
Repeat.
When normal, have a small meal
18
Q
If a diabetic is unconscious…
A
1mg glucogen SQ
19
Q
Continuous glucose monitoring
A
Pros: *no finger pricks *alerts of highs and lows *transmits levels 24/7 *use up to 14 days Cons: *expensive
20
Q
Vitamin
A
Organic compound (we can’t make it ourselves)
21
Q
Mineral
A
Elemental (can come from foods)
22
Q
3 times vitamins are helpful/useful
A
- Inadequate intake
- Increased needs
- Poor absorption
23
Q
Fat soluble vitamins
A
ADEK:
- stored in fat tissues
- sticks around but can accumulate
- well absorbed
- too much=toxicity
24
Q
Water soluble vitamins
A
B, C:
- excreted rapidly
- distributed to watery tissues
- may need more, more frequently
- lower risk of toxicity
- B9/12 are stored in liver so may become toxic
25
Vitamin A (ex: retinol)
```
Functions:
*vision
*growth/development
Deficiencies:
*night blindness
*dry, rough skin
*poor tooth development
*Poor resistance to infection
*associated with measles/blindness
```
26
Vitamin D
*helps maintain normal levels of Ca & phosphorus
*absorbs calcium (bones, teeth)
*cell growth
*immune function
Deficiencies:
*osteoporosis
*rickets
*poor immune function
*low mood
Ex vitamin d2: ergocalciferol
27
Vitamin E (ex: tocopherol)
```
Functions:
*antioxidant
*support major bio systems
*no real med benefit in supplements
Deficiencies:
*neuromuscular abnormality
*peripheral neuropathy
*hemolytic anemia
```
28
Vitamin k (ex: phytonadione)
Fat soluble
Not used for normal supplement
May see it used to reverse effects of warfarin (if blood is too thin)
29
B2 riboflavin
* teens and vegans may be deficient
* Symptoms of deficiency: inflammation of tongue, cracked skin, cataracts
* Source: nuts and fish
30
B3 niacin
Helps with: digestion, lipid metabolism, dna repair
| Symptoms of deficiency: skin issues, diarrhea, dementia, death
31
B6 pyridoxine
* amino acid metabolism
* builds neurotransmitters
* marketed for PMS, nausea, pregnancy
32
B9 folate
* supplement for pregnant; prevents baby clef palate
* important for colon & breast cancer
* used for people who drink too much, poor nutrition
33
B12 cobalimin
* metabolism of fatty acid
* anemia type impacted by deficient b12
* aids in dna synthesis
34
Vitamin c
* wound healing
* scurvy: lack of citrus causes weak bones, bad teeth/skin
* boosts immune system
* deficiencies=alopecia
35
Iron
*makes hemoglobin to transport o2
*used for iron deficiency anemia
*side effects:
Constipation, GI upset, cramps, dark stools, n/v, metallic taste, heartburn
36
Magnesium
*regulates muscle&nerve function
*blood pressure
*Dna\rna synthesis
*heart rhythm
Side effects:
*nausea
*cramping
*diarrhea
*electrolyte imbalance
37
Calcium
Neutralize stomach acid
| Bone growth and integrity
38
Durham Humphrey act 1951
Separated otc from legend; legend needs warning
39
Kefauver-Harris amendment 1962
Requires manufacturers to submit drug info re: safety and efficacy for both legend and otc
40
Small intestine vs large intestine
Small=absorbs nutrients
| Large=absorbs water
41
Antacids
```
Neutralizes gastric acid
Take 1 hr after meal
Don’t take more than 2 wks
Could bind with other meds
Don’t use if renal problems
```
42
Beano
Alpha galactosidase
* reduces gas
* take before meals
43
Tagament
| Generic: cimetidine
H2 receptor blocker
* block acid formation via histamine receptor
* most common drug
* slower than antacids; effects last longer
* dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
* many Ddi
44
Zantac
| Generic: ranitidine
H2 receptor blocker
* block acid formation via histamine receptor
* most common drug
* slower than antacids; effects last longer
* dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
45
Pepcid
| Generic: famotidine
H2 receptor blocker
* block acid formation via histamine receptor
* most common drug
* slower than antacids; effects last longer
* dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
46
Axid
| Generic: nizatidine
H2 receptor blocker
* block acid formation via histamine receptor
* most common drug
* slower than antacids; effects last longer
* dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
47
Nexium
| Generic: esomeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
* most effective acid reducer
* binds to proton pumps
* for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
* not more than 2 weeks
* rx to otc 2012
48
Zegerid
| Generic: omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor + antacid (neutralizer)
49
Prilosec
| Generic: omeprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
* most effective acid reducer
* binds to proton pumps
* for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
* not more than 2 weeks
* rx to otc 2012
50
Prevacid
| Generic: lansoprazole
Proton pump inhibitor
* most effective acid reducer
* binds to proton pumps
* for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
* not more than 2 weeks
* rx to otc 2012
