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PhA131 OTC > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gas x

Generic: simethicone

A

Reduces pressure and bloating

Take after meals & at bedtime

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2
Q

Maalox

Generic: simethicone

A

Reduces pressure and bloating

Take after meals & at bedtime

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3
Q

Mylanta

Generic: simethicone

A

Reduces pressure and bloating

Take after meals & at bedtime

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4
Q

Pepto, kaopectate

Generic: bismuth subsalicylate

A
  • Tx of diarrhea by increasing h2o absorption in large intestine
  • coats & soothes stomach
  • antimicrobial activity
  • max per day 4200mg
  • blackened stool
  • watch for aspirin allergy
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5
Q

Imodium

Generic: loperamide

A
  • take after 1st loose stool
  • don’t take if you have a fever
  • only for mild, acute (2-3days) diarrhea
  • h2o reabsorbs in large intestine
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6
Q

Dramamine

Generic: Dimenhydrinate

A
  • antiemisis for nausea/vomiting
  • don’t take with fever, cancer, blood
  • acts on CNS
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7
Q

Seaband

A
  • for nausea/vomiting

* wrist pressure points

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8
Q

Epecac

A
  • induces vomiting
  • use only if poison control says to
  • kept behind the counter
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9
Q

Miralax

Generic: Polyethylene glycol

A
  • osmotic laxative
  • 1-3 days
  • powder + water or juice
  • rx to otc
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10
Q

Colace

Generic: docusate sodium

A
  • stool softener
  • water into colon, softens stools
  • ok long term
  • don’t take with kidney disease
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11
Q

Benefiber, FiberCon, citricel

A
  • bulk forming laxative for constipation
  • gives poop more form
  • puts more h2o into colon for easier passage
  • takes 3-4 days
  • can take daily
  • take w/full glass of h2o to avoid throat blockage
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12
Q

Dulcolax

A
  • Bisacotal laxative (synthetic)
  • enterocoated
  • no milk/antacids w/in 1 hr
  • triggers contractions of intestinal muscles
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13
Q

Senna, ex-lax chocolate bar

A
  • from senna plant
  • irritates gut lining
  • increases water
  • up to 8 tabs a day
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14
Q

Emotrol

A
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • glucose, like coke
  • not for diabetes
  • reduces stomach contractions that lead to vomiting
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15
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Toxins adhere to it instead of the body

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16
Q

Insulin

A

1 unit drops blood sugar 50mg/dL

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17
Q

Rule of 15

A

Take 15g of glucose, check in 15 min.
Repeat.
When normal, have a small meal

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18
Q

If a diabetic is unconscious…

A

1mg glucogen SQ

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19
Q

Continuous glucose monitoring

A 
Pros:
*no finger pricks
*alerts of highs and lows
*transmits levels 24/7
*use up to 14 days
Cons:
*expensive
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20
Q

Vitamin

A

Organic compound (we can’t make it ourselves)

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21
Q

Mineral

A

Elemental (can come from foods)

22
Q

3 times vitamins are helpful/useful

A
  1. Inadequate intake
  2. Increased needs
  3. Poor absorption
23
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK:

  • stored in fat tissues
  • sticks around but can accumulate
  • well absorbed
  • too much=toxicity
24
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B, C:

  • excreted rapidly
  • distributed to watery tissues
  • may need more, more frequently
  • lower risk of toxicity
  • B9/12 are stored in liver so may become toxic
25
Q

Vitamin A (ex: retinol)

A 
Functions:
*vision
*growth/development
Deficiencies:
*night blindness
*dry, rough skin
*poor tooth development 
*Poor resistance to infection
*associated with measles/blindness
26
Q

Vitamin D

A

*helps maintain normal levels of Ca & phosphorus
*absorbs calcium (bones, teeth)
*cell growth
*immune function
Deficiencies:
*osteoporosis
*rickets
*poor immune function
*low mood
Ex vitamin d2: ergocalciferol

27
Q

Vitamin E (ex: tocopherol)

A 
Functions: 
*antioxidant
*support major bio systems
*no real med benefit in supplements
Deficiencies:
*neuromuscular abnormality 
*peripheral neuropathy
*hemolytic anemia
28
Q

Vitamin k (ex: phytonadione)

A

Fat soluble
Not used for normal supplement
May see it used to reverse effects of warfarin (if blood is too thin)

29
Q

B2 riboflavin

A
  • teens and vegans may be deficient
  • Symptoms of deficiency: inflammation of tongue, cracked skin, cataracts
  • Source: nuts and fish
30
Q

B3 niacin

A

Helps with: digestion, lipid metabolism, dna repair

Symptoms of deficiency: skin issues, diarrhea, dementia, death

31
Q

B6 pyridoxine

A
  • amino acid metabolism
  • builds neurotransmitters
  • marketed for PMS, nausea, pregnancy
32
Q

B9 folate

A
  • supplement for pregnant; prevents baby clef palate
  • important for colon & breast cancer
  • used for people who drink too much, poor nutrition
33
Q

B12 cobalimin

A
  • metabolism of fatty acid
  • anemia type impacted by deficient b12
  • aids in dna synthesis
34
Q

Vitamin c

A
  • wound healing
  • scurvy: lack of citrus causes weak bones, bad teeth/skin
  • boosts immune system
  • deficiencies=alopecia
35
Q

Iron

A

*makes hemoglobin to transport o2
*used for iron deficiency anemia
*side effects:
Constipation, GI upset, cramps, dark stools, n/v, metallic taste, heartburn

36
Q

Magnesium

A

*regulates muscle&nerve function
*blood pressure
*Dna\rna synthesis
*heart rhythm
Side effects:
*nausea
*cramping
*diarrhea
*electrolyte imbalance

37
Q

Calcium

A

Neutralize stomach acid

Bone growth and integrity

38
Q

Durham Humphrey act 1951

A

Separated otc from legend; legend needs warning

39
Q

Kefauver-Harris amendment 1962

A

Requires manufacturers to submit drug info re: safety and efficacy for both legend and otc

40
Q

Small intestine vs large intestine

A

Small=absorbs nutrients

Large=absorbs water

41
Q

Antacids

A 
Neutralizes gastric acid
Take 1 hr after meal
Don’t take more than 2 wks
Could bind with other meds
Don’t use if renal problems
42
Q

Beano

A

Alpha galactosidase

  • reduces gas
  • take before meals
43
Q

Tagament

Generic: cimetidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

  • block acid formation via histamine receptor
  • most common drug
  • slower than antacids; effects last longer
  • dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
  • many Ddi
44
Q

Zantac

Generic: ranitidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

  • block acid formation via histamine receptor
  • most common drug
  • slower than antacids; effects last longer
  • dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
45
Q

Pepcid

Generic: famotidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

  • block acid formation via histamine receptor
  • most common drug
  • slower than antacids; effects last longer
  • dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
46
Q

Axid

Generic: nizatidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

  • block acid formation via histamine receptor
  • most common drug
  • slower than antacids; effects last longer
  • dose every 12 hours; no more than 2 weeks
47
Q

Nexium

Generic: esomeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

  • most effective acid reducer
  • binds to proton pumps
  • for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
  • not more than 2 weeks
  • rx to otc 2012
48
Q

Zegerid

Generic: omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor + antacid (neutralizer)

49
Q

Prilosec

Generic: omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

  • most effective acid reducer
  • binds to proton pumps
  • for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
  • not more than 2 weeks
  • rx to otc 2012
50
Q

Prevacid

Generic: lansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitor

  • most effective acid reducer
  • binds to proton pumps
  • for freq. heartburn (2-3 x/wk)
  • not more than 2 weeks
  • rx to otc 2012

PhA131 OTC (3 decks)

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